translation_id: net-engnet

label: NET translator note

text: The groupings in the list that follows, as well as the conjunctions ( vav -consecutives in Hebrew), reflect those of the Hebrew text.


text: The name means “daughter of Shua.” Shua is identified in Gen 38:2 as a “Canaanite man.”


text: Heb “was evil in the eyes of the Lord , so he [i.e., the Lord ] killed him [i.e., Er].”


text: Heb “his”; the referent (Judah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


label: NET textual note

text: Many medieval Hebrew mss , some LXX mss , and Syriac read “Darda” (see 1 Kgs 4:31 ET = 1 Kgs 5:11 HT).


text: Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural, but only one son is listed.


text: The Hebrew text has “Achar,” which means “disaster,” but a few medieval Hebrew mss read “Achan.” See Josh 7:1 .


text: Heb “the troubler of Israel who was unfaithful with respect to the devoted [things].”


text: The Hebrew text has “Celubai,” but see v. 18 , where Caleb is described as the son of Hezron.


text: The LXX reads “Salmon” (cf. Ruth 4:21 ) and is followed by some English versions (e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT).


text: In 2 Sam 2:18 this name appears as “Abishai,” a spelling followed by many English versions here.


text: Heb “and Caleb son of Hezron fathered [children] with Azubah, a wife, and with Jerioth.” Jerioth could be viewed as a second wife (so NLT; cf. also NASB, NIV, NRSV), but the following context mentions only “her [presumably Azubah’s] sons.” Another option, the one chosen in the translation, is that Jerioth is another name for Azubah.


text: Heb “took for himself.”


text: Heb “Hezron went to.”


text: Heb “he took,” referring to taking in marriage.


text: Or “Havvoth Jair” (NIV, NRSV). Some translations do not translate the phrase (“havvoth” = “the towns of”), but treat it as part of the place name.


text: Heb “And after the death of Hezron in Caleb Ephrathah, and the wife of Hezron, Abijah, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.” Perhaps one could translate: “After Hezron died in Caleb Ephrathah, Abijah, Hezron’s wife, bore to him Ashhur, the father of Tekoa” (cf. NASB, NIV, NRSV). In this case the text suggests that Abijah was born after his father’s death. Because of the awkward syntax and the odd appearance of “Caleb Ephrathah” as a place name, some prefer to emend the text. Some alter בְּכָלֵב אֶפְרָתָה ( bÿkhalev ’ efratah , “in Caleb Ephrathah”) to בָּא כָלֵב אֶפְרָתָה ( bo ’ khalev ’ efratah , “Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrath”) and then change אֲבִיָּה (’ aviyyah , “Abijah”) to אָבִיהוּ (’ avihu , “his father”). This results in the following translation: “And after Hezron’s death, Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrath, his father Hezron’s wife, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa” (cf. NAB). This would mean that Caleb’s second wife Ephrath had actually been his late father’s wife (probably Caleb’s stepmother). Perhaps the text was subsequently altered because Caleb’s actions appeared improper in light of the injunctions in Lev 18:8; 20:11 ; Deut 22:30; 27:20 (which probably refer, however, to a son having sexual relations with his stepmother while his father is still alive).


text: Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural “sons” in all three instances in this verse, even though the following lists have only one name each.


text: Heb “and the sons of Mareshah,” but this does not fit contextually. Perhaps the text originally had וּבְנוֹ מִשְׁנֶה מָרֵשָׁה ( uvÿno mishneh mareshah , “and his second son, Mareshah”), with מִשְׁנֶה (“second”) later accidentally falling out by homoioteleuton (cf. the note in BHS here).


text: Heb “son.” The Hebrew text has the singular, but the following list contains more than one name.


text: The Hebrew text reads “Ephrathah” here, but see v. 19 , which mentions “Ephrath” as the wife of Hur.


text: The Hebrew text has “Menuchites” here, but v. 54 has “Manachathites.”


text: Heb “from these went forth the Zorathites and Eshtaolites.”


text: Or perhaps “the Sopherim.” The NAB transliterates this term and treats it as a proper name.


text: Heb “came.”


text: Or (if בֵּית [ beth ] is translated as “house” rather than considered to be part of the name) “the father of the house [i.e., family] of Rechab.”