translation_id: net-engnet

label: NET translator note

text: Grk “shepherd,” “tend,” “pastor.”


text: A P Ψ 33 1739 Ï lat). A decision is difficult because normally the shorter reading is preferred, especially when found in excellent witnesses. However, in this instance the omission may be due to a hesitation among some scribes to associate oversight with elders, since the later church viewed overseer/bishop as a separate office from elder.


text: Or “not under compulsion/coercion.”


text: Grk “according to God.”


text: Grk “not as lording it over…but being examples.” The participles continue the command of v. 2 by describing how the shepherding should be carried out.


text: Grk “the ones allotted,” referring to those God has given over to their care.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “Then” to reflect the logical sequence of events.


text: Grk “in time,” but connoting “the proper time, when the time is right” as in Matt 24:45 ; Luke 12:42 .


text: Grk “Humble yourselves, therefore, under the mighty hand of God, so that in due time he may exalt you.” The sentence was rearranged so that the English reader could more clearly see the connection between “casting” (v. 7 ) and “humble” (v. 6 ).


text: Or “throwing on”; “loading.” Some scholars take the participle to function imperativally, or as attendant circumstance – thus, “cast.” See below for discussion. sn Casting. According to ExSyn 630, “Although treated as an independent command in several modern translations (e.g., RSV, NRSV, NIV), the participle [ casting ] should be connected with the verb of v 6 , ταπεινώθητε [ tapeinwqhte , Humble yourselves ]. As such, it is not offering a new command, but is defining how believers are to humble themselves. Taking the participle as means enriches the understanding of both verbs: Humbling oneself is not a negative act of self-denial per se, but a positive one of active dependence on God for help.”


text: Or “anxiety, burden,” but using a word from the same root as the verb “cares” in the last part of the verse.


text: א A). Generally speaking, the shorter and harder reading is to be preferred. In this instance, the omission of the pronoun would obviously be accommodated for by scribes, since both ζητέω ( zhtew , “look, seek”) and καταπίνω ( katapinw , “devour”) are transitive verbs. However, if the omission were original, one might expect the position of the pronoun to float in the mss – both before and after the infinitive καταπιεῖν ( katapiein , “to devour”). Further, other terms might be expected as well, such as ἕνα ἐξ ὑμῶν ( {ena ex Jumwn , “one of you”) or τινα ἐξ ὑμῶν ( tina ex Jumwn , “a certain one/someone of you”). The uniformity of both the word and its location suggests that the shorter reading (found in but a few Greek mss ) in this instance was a scribal mistake. As to whether the pronoun is interrogative or indefinite, since accents were not a part of the earliest mss , such Greek witnesses are of no help to us in this kind of problem. There would be little difference in meaning between the two in this context.


text: Grk “whom,” referring to the devil in v. 8 . Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.


text: Grk “knowing,” a participle that usually denotes a reason for the related action.


text: Grk “your brotherhood.” The Greek term “brotherhood” is used in a broad sense to connote familial relationships within the family of God (cf. BDAG 19 s.v. ἀδελφότης 1). Another alternative translation would be “your fellow believers,” though this would weaken the familial connotations. This same word occurs in 2:17 ; there it has been translated “family of believers.”


text: Grk “your brotherhood in the world,” referring to the Christian community worldwide.


text: This verb carries the nuance “to accomplish, complete,” emphasizing their faithful endurance in suffering. The verb is passive in Greek (“suffering is being endured by your brotherhood”), but has been translated as an active to give a smoother English style.


text: Grk “the same things of sufferings.”


text: includes ᾿Ιησοῦ ( Ihsou , “Jesus”) in brackets, indicating doubts as to its authenticity. .


text: The pronoun “you” is not used explicitly but is clearly implied by the Greek.


text: No verb is expressed here but the verb “is” or “belongs” is clearly implied. This doxology expresses a fact for which God should be glorified (as in 4:11 ), rather than a wish or prayer (“may power be to him”).


text: Grk “the faithful brother, as I think.”


text: These are participles (“encouraging and testifying”) showing purpose. The pronoun object “you” is omitted in Greek but implied by the context.


text: Grk “in which stand fast.” For emphasis, and due to constraints of contemporary English, this was made a separate sentence in the translation.


text: Grk “the one in Babylon,” which could refer to some individual woman (“she who is in Babylon”) since the Greek article (here “the one”) is feminine. But it is much more likely to be a veiled reference to a church (the Greek word “church” is also feminine in gender).


text: Grk “chosen together,” implying the connection “with you” in context.


text: Grk “a kiss of love.”


text: Ï ) have ἀμήν ( amen , “amen”) at the end of 1 Peter. Such a conclusion is routinely added by scribes to NT books because a few of these books originally had such an ending (cf. Rom 16:27 ; Gal 6:18 ; Jude 25 ). A majority of Greek witnesses have the concluding ἀμήν in every NT book except Acts, James, and 3 John (and even in these books, ἀμήν is found in some witnesses). It is thus a predictable variant. Further, the absence of such a conclusion to the epistle in such witnesses as A B Ψ 81 323 945 1241 1739* co seems inexplicable unless the word here is not authentic.