translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: ACT

label: NET translator note

text: The term ἀναίρεσις ( anairesi" ) can refer to murder (BDAG 64 s.v.; 2 Macc 5:13; Josephus, Ant. 5.2.12 [5.165]).


text: Or “severe.”


text: Grk “Now there happened on that day a great persecution.” It is less awkward to say in English “Now on that day a great persecution began.”


text: For location see Map5-B1 ; Map6-F3 ; Map7-E2 ; Map8-F2 ; Map10-B3 ; JP1-F4 ; JP2-F4 ; JP3-F4 ; JP4-F4 .


text: Or “countryside.”


text: “Some” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.


text: Or “mourned greatly for him.”


text: Or “began to harm [the church] severely.” If the nuance of this verb is “destroy,” then the imperfect verb ἐλυμαίνετο ( elumaineto ) is best translated as a conative imperfect as in the translation above. If instead the verb is taken to mean “injure severely” (as L&N 20.24), it should be translated in context as an ingressive imperfect (“began to harm the church severely”). Either option does not significantly alter the overall meaning, since it is clear from the stated actions of Saul in the second half of the verse that he intended to destroy or ravage the church.


text: The participle σύρων ( surwn ) has been translated as an finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.


text: BDAG 762 s.v. παραδίδωμι 1.b has “ εἰς φυλακήν put in prison Ac 8:3 .”


text: The word “main” is supplied in the translation to clarify that “Samaria” is not the name of the city (at least in NT times). See both BDAG 912 s.v. Σαμάρεια , and L&N 93.568. sn The main city of Samaria most likely refers to the principal city of Samaria, rebuilt by Herod the Great as Sebaste in honor of Augustus (J. Boehmer, “Studien zur Geographie Palästinas bes. im Neuen Testament,” ZNW 9 [1908]: 216-18; D. Gill and C. Gempf, eds., The Book of Acts in its Graeco-Roman Setting , 272). This is the best option if the article before “city” is taken as original. If the reading without the article is taken as original, then another city may be in view: Gitta, the hometown of Simon Magus according to Justin Martyr (cf. C. K. Barrett, Acts [ICC], 1:402-3; F. F. Bruce, Acts [NICNT], 165).


text: The imperfect ἐκήρυσσεν ( ekhrussen ) has been translated as an ingressive, since this is probably the first time such preaching took place.


text: Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.” sn See the note on Christ in 2:31 .


text: Grk “to what was being said by Philip,” a passive construction that has been changed to active voice in the translation.


text: Here the following context indicates the miraculous nature of the signs mentioned. This term appears 13 times in Acts, but only twice more after Acts 8:13 (i.e., 14:3; 15:12 ).


text: Grk “For [in the case of] many who had unclean spirits, they were coming out, crying in a loud voice.”


text: Grk “and there came about,” but this is somewhat awkward in English.


text: On the idiom προϋπῆρχεν μαγεύων ( prouphrcen mageuwn ) meaning “had been practicing magic” see BDAG 889 s.v. προϋπάρχω .


text: Grk “all of them”; the referent (the people) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Or “This man is what is called the Great Power of God.” The translation “ what is called the Great Power of God ” is given by BDAG 263 s.v. δύναμις 5, but the repetition of the article before καλουμένη μεγάλη ( kaloumenh megalh ) suggests the translation “the power of God that is called ‘Great.’”


text: Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”


text: The imperfect verb ἐβαπτίζοντο ( ebaptizonto ) has been translated as an ingressive imperfect.


text: Or “he kept close company with.”


text: For location see Map5-B1 ; Map6-F3 ; Map7-E2 ; Map8-F2 ; Map10-B3 ; JP1-F4 ; JP2-F4 ; JP3-F4 ; JP4-F4 .


text: Or “message.”


text: Grk “who.” The relative pronoun was replaced by the phrase “these two” and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point to improve the English style.


text: Grk “For he”; the referent (the Spirit) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Or “fallen on.”


text: Grk “on them”; the referent (the Samaritans) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: B sa mae). Although it is possible that some scribes omitted τὸ ἅγιον because of its perceived superfluity (note vv. 15, 17, 19 ), it is far more likely that others added the adjective out of pious motives.


text: Or “ability”; Grk “authority.”


text: Grk “May your silver together with you be sent into destruction.” This is a strong curse. The gifts of God are sovereignly bestowed and cannot be purchased.


text: Or “obtain.”


text: The translation “share or part” is given by L&N 63.13.


text: Since the semantic range for λόγος ( logos ) is so broad, a number of different translations could be given for the prepositional phrase here. Something along the lines of “in this thing” would work well, but is too colloquial for the present translation.


text: Or “and implore the Lord.”


text: Grk “that if possible the intent of your heart may be forgiven you.” The passive construction is somewhat awkward in contemporary English and has thus been converted to an active construction in the translation.


text: Grk “in the gall of bitterness,” an idiom meaning to be particularly envious or resentful of someone. In this case Simon was jealous of the apostles’ power to bestow the Holy Spirit by the laying on of hands, and wanted that power for himself. The literal phrase does not convey this to the modern reader, and in fact some modern translations have simply rendered the phrase as involving bitterness, which misses the point of the envy on Simon’s part. See L&N 88.166. The OT images come from Deut 29:17-18 and Isa 58:6 .


text: Grk “Simon answered and said.” sn Given that Simon does not follow Peter’s call for repentance, many interpreters read this reply as flippant rather than sincere. But the exact nature of Simon’s reply is not entirely clear.


text: Grk “may come upon.”


text: Grk “after they”; the referents (Peter and John) have been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: The verb διαμαρτύρομαι ( diamarturomai ) can mean “warn,” and could be taken to refer specifically to the warning given to Simon in the preceding verses. However, a more general reference is more likely, referring to parting exhortations from Peter and John to the entire group of believers.


text: Grk “they were returning to Jerusalem and were proclaiming.” The first imperfect is taken ingressively and the second is viewed iteratively (“proclaiming…as they went”).


text: “As they went” is not in the Greek text, but is implied by the imperfect tense (see tn above).


text: Or “the angel of the Lord.” See the note on the word “Lord” in 5:19 .


text: Grk “Lord spoke to Philip, saying.” The redundant participle λέγων ( legwn ) has not been translated.


text: Or “Get up and go about noon.” The phrase κατὰ μεσημβρίαν ( kata meshmbrian ) can be translated either “about noon” (L&N 67.74) or “toward the south” (L&N 82.4). Since the angel’s command appears to call for immediate action (“Get up”) and would not therefore need a time indicator, a directional reference (“toward the south”) is more likely here.


text: For the location of Jerusalem see Map5-B1 ; Map6-F3 ; Map7-E2 ; Map8-F2 ; Map10-B3 ; JP1-F4 ; JP2-F4 ; JP3-F4 ; JP4-F4 .


text: Or “wilderness.”


text: The words “This is a desert road” are probably best understood as a comment by the author of Acts, but it is possible they form part of the angel’s speech to Philip, in which case the verse would read: “Get up and go south on the road that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza – the desert road.” sn The concluding note about the road appears to be a parenthetical note by the author.


text: Grk “And,” but καί ( kai ) carries something of a resultative force in this context because what follows describes Philip’s response to the angel’s command.


text: Grk “So getting up he went.” The aorist participle ἀναστάς ( anastas ) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.


text: Grk “And there.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί ( kai ) has not been translated here.


text: Grk “and behold.” This expression is used to portray Philip’s encounter with the Ethiopian in a vivid way. In the English translation this vividness is difficult to convey; it is necessary to supply the words “he met.”


text: Or “the Candace” (the title of the queen of the Ethiopians). The term Κανδάκης ( Kandakh" ) is much more likely a title rather than a proper name (like Pharaoh, which is a title); see L&N 37.77. A few, however, still take the word to be the name of the queen (L&N 93.209). BDAG 507 s.v. Κανδάκη , treats the term as a title and lists classical usage by Strabo ( Geography 17.1.54) and others. sn Candace was the title of the queen of the Ethiopians. Ethiopia refers to the kingdom of Nubia in the northern Sudan, whose capital was Meroe (not to be confused with Abyssinia, which was later called Ethiopia and converted to Christianity in the 4th century a.d. ). Classical writers refer to several queens of Meroe in the 1st century b.c. and 1st century a.d. who had the title Candace ( Kandake ). The Candace referred to here was probably Amantitere, who ruled a.d. 25-41.


text: Grk “who was over all her treasury, who.” The two consecutive relative clauses make for awkward English style, so the second was begun as a new sentence with the pronoun “he” supplied in place of the Greek relative pronoun to make a complete sentence in English.


text: Grk “and was sitting.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί ( kai ) has not been translated here.


text: Grk “and was reading.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί ( kai ) has not been translated here. sn The fact that this man was reading from a scroll (an expensive item in the first century) indicates his connection to a wealthy house.


text: The participle προσδραμών ( prosdramwn ) is regarded as attendant circumstance.


text: The words “to it” are not in the Greek text but are implied.


text: Grk “heard him”; the referent (the man) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Grk “and he.” Because of the length of the Greek sentence, the conjunction καί ( kai ) has not been translated here. Instead a new English sentence is begun.


text: Grk “he said”; but since what follows is a question, it is better English style to translate the introduction to the question “he asked him.”


text: Grk “He”; the referent (the man) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Grk “How am I able, unless…” The translation is based on the force of the conjunction γάρ ( gar ) in this context. The translation “ How in the world can I? ” is given in BDAG 189 s.v. γάρ 1.f.


text: Grk “he”; the referent (the man) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Grk “does.” The present tense here was translated as a past tense to maintain consistency with the first line of the quotation (“he was led like a sheep to slaughter”), which has an aorist passive verb normally translated as a past tense in English.


text: א A B 1739 pc lat). However, the LXX of Isa 53:8 also lacks the pronoun, supplying motivation for scribes to omit it here. At the same time, scribes would also be motivated to add the pronoun both for clarity’s sake (note the similar impulse that led to the addition of δέ [ de ] by many of the same mss at the beginning of the next line) and to give balance to the lines (the pronoun is indisputably used five other times in vv. 32-33 in quoting ). On balance, the shorter reading is preferred.


text: Or “justice was denied him”; Grk “his justice was taken away.”


text: Or “family; or “origin.” The meaning of γενεά ( genea ) in the quotation is uncertain; BDAG 192 s.v. γενεά 4 suggests “ family history .” sn The rhetorical question suggests the insensitivity of this generation for its act against God’s servant, who was slain unjustly as he was silent.


text: Grk “is taken away.” The present tense here was translated as a past tense to maintain consistency with the rest of the quotation.


text: Grk “answered and said.” The redundant participle ἀποκριθείς ( apokriqei" ) has not been translated.


text: Grk “I beg you,” “I ask you.”


text: Grk “opening his mouth” (a Semitic idiom for beginning to speak in a somewhat formal manner). The participle ἀνοίξας ( anoixa" ) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.


text: Or “What prevents me.” The rhetorical question means, “I should get baptized, right?”


text: Grk “and they both went down into the water, both Philip and the eunuch.” Since this is somewhat redundant in English, it was simplified to “and both Philip and the eunuch went down into the water.”


text: BDAG 189 s.v. γάρ 2 indicates that under certain circumstances γάρ ( gar ) has the same meaning as δέ ( de ).


text: Or “appeared.”


text: The words “the area” are not in the Greek text but are implied.


text: Or “he preached the gospel.”


text: Or “cities.”