translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: DEU

label: NET translator note

text: Heb “sons” (so NASB); TEV, NLT “people.”


text: Or “set apart.”


text: Heb “The Lord .” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.


text: Or “treasured.” The Hebrew term סְגֻלָּה ( sÿgullah ) describes Israel as God’s choice people, those whom he elected and who are most precious to him (cf. Exod 19:4-6 ; Deut 14:2; 26:18 ; 1 Chr 29:3 ; Ps 135:4 ; Eccl 2:8 Mal 3:17 ). See E. Carpenter, NIDOTTE 3:224. sn The Hebrew term translated “select” (and the whole verse) is reminiscent of the classic covenant text ( Exod 19:4-6 ) which describes Israel’s entry into covenant relationship with the Lord . Israel must resist paganism and its trappings precisely because she is a holy people elected by the Lord from among the nations to be his instrument of world redemption (cf. Deut 7:6; 26:18 ; Ps 135:4 ; Mal 3:17 ; Titus 2:14 ; 1 Pet 2:9 ).


text: The Hebrew word תּוֹעֵבָה ( to ’ evah , “forbidden; abhorrent”) describes anything detestable to the Lord because of its innate evil or inconsistency with his own nature and character. See note on the word “abhorrent” in Deut 7:25 . Cf. KJV “abominable”; NIV “detestable”; NRSV “abhorrent.”


text: The Hebrew term אַיָּל (’ ayyal ) may refer to a type of deer (cf. Arabic ’ ayyal ). Cf. NAB “the red deer.”


text: The Hebrew term צְבִי ( tsÿvi ) is sometimes rendered “roebuck” (so KJV).


text: The Hebrew term יַחְמוּר ( yakhmur ) may refer to a “fallow deer”; cf. Arabic yahmur (“deer”). Cf. NAB, NIV, NCV “roe deer”; NEB, NRSV, NLT “roebuck.”


text: The Hebrew term דִּישֹׁן ( dishon ) is a hapax legomenon . Its referent is uncertain but the animal is likely a variety of antelope (cf. NEB “white-rumped deer”; NIV, NRSV, NLT “ibex”).


text: The Hebrew term תְּאוֹ ( tÿ ’ o ; a variant is תּוֹא , to ’) could also refer to another species of antelope. Cf. NEB “long-horned antelope”; NIV, NRSV “antelope.”


text: The Hebrew term זֶמֶר ( zemer ) is another hapax legomenon with the possible meaning “wild sheep.” Cf. KJV, ASV “chamois”; NEB “rock-goat”; NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT “mountain sheep.”


text: The Hebrew text includes “among the animals.” This has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.


text: The Hebrew term שָׁפָן ( shafan ) may refer to the “coney” (cf. KJV, NIV) or hyrax (“rock badger,” cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV, NLT).


label: NET textual note

text: The MT lacks (probably by haplography) the phrase וְשֹׁסַע שֶׁסַע פַּרְסָה ( vÿshosa ’ shesa ’ parsah , “and is clovenfooted,” i.e., “has parted hooves”), a phrase found in the otherwise exact parallel in Lev 11:7 . The LXX and Smr attest the longer reading here. The meaning is, however, clear without it.


text: NEB “the griffon-vulture.”


text: The Hebrew term פֶּרֶס ( peres ) describes a large vulture otherwise known as the ossifrage (cf. KJV). This largest of the vultures takes its name from its habit of dropping skeletal remains from a great height so as to break the bones apart.


text: The Hebrew term עָזְנִיָּה (’ ozniyyah ) may describe the black vulture (so NIV) or it may refer to the osprey (so NAB, NRSV, NLT), an eagle-like bird subsisting mainly on fish.


text: The Hebrew term is דַּיָּה ( dayyah ). This, with the previous two terms ( רָאָה [ ra ’ ah ] and אַיָּה [’ ayyah ]), is probably a kite of some species but otherwise impossible to specify.


text: Or “owl.” The Hebrew term בַּת הַיַּעֲנָה ( bat hayya ’ anah ) is sometimes taken as “ostrich” (so ASV, NAB, NASB, NRSV, NLT), but may refer instead to some species of owl (cf. KJV “owl”; NEB “desert-owl”; NIV “horned owl”).


text: The Hebrew term תַּחְמָס ( takhmas ) is either a type of owl (cf. NEB “short-eared owl”; NIV “screech owl”) or possibly the nighthawk (so NRSV, NLT).


text: The Hebrew term נֵץ ( nets ) may refer to the falcon or perhaps the hawk (so NEB, NIV).


text: The Hebrew term תִּנְשֶׁמֶת ( tinshemet ) may refer to a species of owl (cf. ASV “horned owl”; NASB, NIV, NLT “white owl”) or perhaps even to the swan (so KJV); cf. NRSV “water hen.”


text: The Hebrew term קָאַת ( qa ’ at ) may also refer to a type of owl (NAB, NIV, NRSV “desert owl”) or perhaps the pelican (so KJV, NASB, NLT).


text: The MT reads the Niphal (passive) for expected Qal (“you [plural] must not eat”); cf. Smr, LXX. However, the harder reading should stand.


text: Heb “gates” (also in vv. 27, 28, 29 ).


text: The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, indicated in the translation by the words “be certain.”


text: This refers to wine in the early stages of fermentation. In its later stages it becomes wine ( יַיִן , yayin ) in its mature sense.


text: Heb “the Lord your God.” See note on “He” in 14:2 .


text: The Hebrew text includes “way is so far from you that you are unable to carry it because the.” These words have not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons, because they are redundant.


text: Heb “bind the silver in your hand.”