translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: ISA

label: NET translator note

text: Three cities are known by this name in the OT: (1) an Aroer located near the Arnon, (2) an Aroer in Ammon, and (3) an Aroer of Judah. (See BDB 792-93 s.v. עֲרֹעֵר , and HALOT 883 s.v. II עֲרוֹעֵר .) There is no mention of an Aroer in Syrian territory. For this reason some want to emend the text here to עֲזֻבוֹת עָרַיהָ עֲדֵי עַד (’ azuvot ’ arayha ’ adey ’ ad , “her cities are permanently abandoned”). However, Aroer near the Arnon was taken by Israel and later conquered by the Syrians. (See Josh 12:2; 13:9, 16 ; Judg 11:26 ; 2 Kgs 10:33 ). This oracle pertains to Israel as well as Syria (note v. 3 ), so it is possible that this is a reference to Israelite and/or Syrian losses in Transjordan.


text: Heb “and they lie down and there is no one scaring [them].”


text: Heb “and kingship from Damascus”; cf. NASB “And sovereignty from Damascus.”


text: Heb “in that day” (so KJV). The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2 .


text: Heb “will be tiny.”


text: Heb “and the fatness of his flesh will be made lean.”


text: Heb “in that day” (so ASV, NASB, NIV); KJV “At that day.”


text: Heb “man will gaze toward his maker.”


text: Heb “his eyes will look toward.”


text: Heb “he will not gaze toward.”


text: Heb “and that which his fingers made he will not see, the Asherah poles and the incense altars.”


text: Heb “in that day” (so KJV).


text: The Hebrew text reads literally, “like the abandonment of the wooded height and the top one.” The following relative clause appears to allude back to the Israelite conquest of the land, so it seems preferable to emend הַחֹרֶשׁ וְהָאָמִיר ( hakhoresh vÿha ’ amir , “the wooded height and the top one”) to חֹרֵשֵׁי הָאֱמֹרִי ( khoreshe ha ’ emori , “[like the abandonment] of the wooded heights of the Amorites”).


text: Heb “you have forgotten” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV).


text: Heb “and the rocky cliff of your strength you do not remember.”


text: Heb “a vine, a strange one.” The substantival adjective זָר ( zar ) functions here as an appositional genitive. It could refer to a cultic plant of some type, associated with a pagan rite. But it is more likely that it refers to an exotic, or imported, type of vine, one that is foreign (i.e., “strange”) to Israel.


text: Heb “in the day of your planting you [?].” The precise meaning of the verb תְּשַׂגְשֵׂגִי ( tÿsagsegi ) is unclear. It is sometimes derived from שׂוּג / סוּג ( sug , “to fence in”; see BDB 691 s.v. II סוּג ). In this case one could translate “you build a protective fence.” However, the parallelism is tighter if one derives the form from שָׂגָא / שָׂגָה ( saga ’/ sagah , “to grow”); see J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:351, n. 4. For this verb, see BDB 960 s.v. שָׂגָא .


label: NET textual note

text: The Hebrew text has, “a heap of harvest.” However, better sense is achieved if נֵד ( ned , “heap”) is emended to a verb. Options include נַד ( nad , Qal perfect third masculine singular from נָדַד [ nadad , “flee, depart”]), נָדַד (Qal perfect third masculine singular from נָדַד ), נֹדֵד ( noded , Qal active participle from נָדַד ), and נָד ( nad , Qal perfect third masculine singular, or participle masculine singular, from נוּד [ nud , “wander, flutter”]). See BDB 626 s.v. נוּד and HALOT 672 s.v. I נדד . One could translate literally: “[the harvest] departs,” or “[the harvest] flies away.”


text: Heb “Woe [to] the massing of the many nations.” The word הוֹי ( hoy ) could be translated as a simple interjection here (“ah!”), but since the following verses announce the demise of these nations, it is preferable to take הוֹי as a funeral cry. See the note on the first phrase of 1:4 .


text: Heb “like the loud noise of the seas, they make a loud noise.”


text: Heb “the uproar of the peoples.” The term הוֹי ( hoy , “woe, ah”) does double duty in the parallel structure of the verse; the words “are as good as dead” are supplied in the translation to reflect this.


text: Heb “like the uproar of mighty waters they are in an uproar.”


text: Heb “the peoples are in an uproar like the uproar of mighty waters.”


text: Or “rebukes.” The verb and related noun are used in theophanies of God’s battle cry which terrifies his enemies. See, for example, Pss 18:15; 76:7; 106:9 ; Isa 50:2 ; Nah 1:4 , and A. Caquot, TDOT 3:49-53.


text: Or perhaps “tumbleweed” (NAB, NIV, CEV); KJV “like a rolling thing.”


text: Heb “at the time of evening, look, sudden terror.”


text: Heb “before morning he is not.”


text: Heb “this is the portion of those who plunder us, and the lot of those who loot us.”