translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: ISA

label: NET translator note

text: Heb “the world and its offspring”; NASB “the world and all that springs from it.”


text: Heb “will be cast aside”; NASB, NIV “thrown out.”


text: Heb “[as for] their corpses, their stench will arise.”


text: Heb “hills will dissolve from their blood.”


text: inserts “and the valleys will be split open,” but this reading may be influenced by Mic 1:4 . On the other hand, the statement, if original, could have been omitted by homoioarcton, a scribe’s eye jumping from the conjunction prefixed to “the valleys” to the conjunction prefixed to the verb “rot.”


text: Heb “like the withering of a leaf from a vine, and like the withering from a fig tree.”


text: The words “he says” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The Lord speaks at this point.


text: The verb is a rare Hotpaal passive form. See GKC 150 §54. h .


text: The words “it drips” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.


text: The words “and is covered” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.


text: Heb “for there is a sacrifice to the Lord.”


text: Heb “great” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).


text: Heb “will go down”; NAB “shall be struck down.”


text: Heb “and bulls along with strong ones.” Perhaps this refers to the leaders.


text: Heb “for a day of vengeance [is] for the Lord.”


text: Heb “a year of repayment for the strife of Zion.” The translation assumes that רִיב ( riv ) refers to Edom’s hostility toward Zion. Another option is to understand רִיב ( riv ) as referring to the Lord’s taking up Zion’s cause. In this case one might translate, “a time when he will repay Edom and vindicate Zion.”


text: Heb “her”; the referent (Edom) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Heb “it will not be extinguished.”


text: קָאַת ( qa ’ at ) refers to some type of bird (cf. Lev 11:18 ; Deut 14:17 ) that was typically found near ruins (see Zeph 2:14 ). קִפּוֹד ( qippod ) may also refer to a type of bird (NAB “hoot owl”; NIV “screech owl”; TEV “ravens”), but some have suggested a rodent may be in view (cf. NCV “small animals”; ASV “porcupine”; NASB, NRSV “hedgehog”).


text: Heb “will possess it” (so NIV).


text: The Hebrew text has יַנְשׁוֹף וְעֹרֵב ( yanshof vÿ ’ orev ). Both the יַנְשׁוֹף (“owl”; see Lev 11:17 ; Deut 14:16 ) and עֹרֵב (“raven”; Lev 11:15 ; Deut 14:14 ) were types of wild birds.


text: Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Heb “stones,” i.e., the stones used in a plumb bob.


text: Heb “will be nothing”; NCV, TEV, NLT “will all be gone.”


text: The words “will grow” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.


text: ) supports this emendation (cf. HALOT 344 s.v. II חָצִיר )


text: Heb “will meet” (so NIV); NLT “will mingle there.”


text: Heb “and a goat will call to its neighbor.”


text: The precise meaning of לִּילִית ( lilit ) is unclear, though in this context the word certainly refers to some type of wild animal or bird. The word appears to be related to לַיְלָה ( laylah , “night”). Some interpret it as the name of a female night demon, on the basis of an apparent Akkadian cognate used as the name of a demon. Later Jewish legends also identified Lilith as a demon. Cf. NRSV “Lilith.”


text: Heb “and will find for themselves a resting place.”


text: Hebrew קִפּוֹז ( qippoz ) occurs only here; the precise meaning of the word is uncertain.


text: For this proposed meaning for Hebrew מָלַט ( malat ), see HALOT 589 s.v. I מלט .


text: Heb “and brood [over them] in her shadow.”


text: The precise meaning of דַּיָּה ( dayyah ) is uncertain, though the term appears to refer to some type of bird of prey, perhaps a vulture.


text: Heb “Seek from upon the scroll of the Lord and read.” sn It is uncertain what particular scroll is referred to here. Perhaps the phrase simply refers to this prophecy and is an admonition to pay close attention to the details of the message.


text: Heb “one from these will not be missing.” הֵנָּה ( hennah , “these”) is feminine plural in the Hebrew text. It may refer only to the birds mentioned in v. 15 b or may include all of the creatures listed in vv. 14 b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).


text: Heb “each its mate they will not lack.”


text: and a few medieval mss have פִּיהוּ ( pihu , “his mouth [has commanded]”), while a few other medieval mss read פִּי יְהוָה ( pi yÿhvah , “the mouth of the Lord [has commanded]”).


text: Heb “and his spirit, he gathers them.” The pronominal suffix (“them”) is feminine plural, referring to the birds mentioned in v. 15 b or to all of the creatures listed in vv. 14 b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).


text: Heb “and he causes the lot to fall for them.” Once again the pronominal suffix (“them”) is feminine plural, referring to the birds mentioned in v. 15 b or to all of the creatures listed in vv. 14 b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).


text: Heb “and his hand divides for them with a measuring line.” The pronominal suffix (“them”) now switches to masculine plural, referring to all the animals and birds mentioned in vv. 11-15 , some of which were identified with masculine nouns. This signals closure for this portion of the speech, which began in v. 11 . The following couplet (v. 17 b) forms an inclusio with v. 11 a through verbal repetition.


text: Heb “will possess it” (so NIV); NCV “they will own that land forever.”