translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: ISA

label: NET study note

text: Israel, viewing herself as the Lord’s lover, refers to herself as his vineyard. The metaphor has sexual connotations, for it pictures her capacity to satisfy his appetite and to produce children. See Song 8:12 .


text: It is not certain if the prophet or the Lord is speaking at this point.


text: See the note at v. 8 .


text: See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4 .


text: In this verse the prophet denounces the perversion of moral standards. Darkness and bitterness are metaphors for evil; light and sweetness symbolize uprightness.


text: They are compared to a flowering plant that withers quickly in a hot, arid climate.


text: They are like a windstorm in their swift movement and in the way they kick up dust.