translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: ISA

label: NET study note

text: Edom is here an archetype for the Lord’s enemies. See 34:5 .


text: Nations, headed by Edom, are the object of the Lord’s anger (see v. 6 ). He compares military slaughter to stomping on grapes in a vat.


text: See Isa 59:16 for similar language.


text: See Isa 49:26 and 51:23 for similar imagery.


text: The phrase “holy Spirit” occurs in the OT only here (in v. 11 as well) and in Ps 51:11 ( 51:13 HT), where it is associated with the divine presence.


text: See the note at v. 10 .