translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: LUK

label: NET translator note

text: Grk “they”; the referent (the women mentioned in 23:55 ) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: On this term see BDAG 140-41 s.v. ἄρωμα . See also the note on “aromatic spices” in 23:56 .


text: Here δέ ( de ) has not been translated.


text: Grk “And it happened that while.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο ( egeneto , “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Here καί ( kai ) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.


text: Or “bewildered.” The term refers to a high state of confusion and anxiety.


text: Grk “behold.”


text: Grk “they”; the referent (the women) has been specified in the translation for clarity (the same has been done in v. 8 ).


text: Or “They were extremely afraid.”


text: places the phrase at the beginning of v. 6 , as do most modern English translations, it is omitted from the RSV and placed at the end of v. 5 in the NRSV. The verb here is passive ( ἠγέρθη , hgerqh ). This “divine passive” (see ExSyn 437-38) points to the fact that Jesus was raised by God, and such activity by God is a consistent Lukan theological emphasis: Luke 20:37; 24:34 ; Acts 3:15; 4:10; 5:30; 10:40; 13:30, 37 . A passive construction is also used to refer to Jesus’ exaltation: Luke 24:51 ; Acts 1:11, 22 .


text: Grk “saying that,” but this would be redundant in English. Although the translation represents this sentence as indirect discourse, the Greek could equally be taken as direct discourse: “Remember how he told you, while he was still in Galilee: ‘the Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, and be crucified, and on the third day rise again.’”


text: See Luke 9:22, 44; 13:33 .


text: Because in the historical context the individuals who were primarily responsible for the death of Jesus (the Jewish leadership in Jerusalem in Luke’s view [see Luke 9:22 ]) would have been men, the translation “sinful men” for ἀνθρώπων ἁμαρτωλῶν ( anqrwpwn Jamartwlwn ) is retained here.


text: Here the infinitive ἀναστῆναι ( anasthnai ) is active rather than passive.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.


text: In the NT this term is used only for strips of cloth used to wrap a body for burial (LN 6.154; BDAG 693 s.v. ὀθόνιον ).


text: Or “went away, wondering to himself.” The prepositional phrase πρὸς ἑαυτόν ( pros Jeauton ) can be understood with the preceding verb ἀπῆλθεν ( aphlqen ) or with the following participle θαυμάζων ( qaumazwn ), but it more likely belongs with the former (cf. John 20:10 , where the phrase can only refer to the verb).


text: and the rest of the ms tradition.


text: Grk “And behold.” Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic. The Greek word ἰδού ( idou ) at the beginning of this statement has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1 ).


text: These are disciples as they know about the empty tomb and do not know what to make of it all.


text: Grk “sixty stades” or about 11 kilometers. A stade ( στάδιον , stadion ) was a unit of distance about 607 feet (187 meters) long.


text: For location see Map5-B1 ; Map6-F3 ; Map7-E2 ; Map8-F2 ; Map10-B3 ; JP1-F4 ; JP2-F4 ; JP3-F4 ; JP4-F4 .


text: Here καί ( kai ) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.


text: This term suggests emotional dialogue and can thus be translated “debated.”


text: The phrase “these things” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.


text: This is an epexegetical (i.e., explanatory) infinitive in Greek.


text: Here δέ ( de ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.


text: Grk “words,” but the term λόγος ( logos ) can refer to “matters” rather than only “words” (BDAG 600 s.v. 1 .a. ε ).


text: “Discussing so intently” translates the reciprocal idea conveyed by πρὸς ἀλλήλους ( pro" allhlou" ). The term ἀντιβάλλω ( antiballw ), used only here in the NT, has the nuance of “arguing” or “debating” a point (the English idiom “to exchange words” also comes close).


text: Grk “answering him, said.” This is redundant in English and has been simplified in the translation.


text: Grk “in it” (referring to the city of Jerusalem).


text: This translates the Greek term ἀνήρ ( anhr ).


text: The imperfect verb looks back to the view that they held during Jesus’ past ministry.


text: In the Greek text this is a continuation of the previous sentence, but because of the length and complexity of the construction a new sentence was started here in the translation.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.


text: Here the pronoun αὐτόν ( auton ), referring to Jesus, is in an emphatic position. The one thing they lacked was solid evidence that he was alive.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the disciples’ inability to believe in Jesus’ resurrection.


text: Grk “O,” an interjection used both in address and emotion (BDAG 1101 s.v. 1 ).


text: The word “people” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied to complete the interjection.


text: On the syntax of this infinitival construction, see BDAG 364-65 s.v. ἐπί 6.b.


text: This Greek particle ( οὐχί , ouci ) expects a positive reply.


text: Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.” sn See the note on Christ in 2:11 .


text: Or “regarding,” “concerning.” “Written” is implied by the mention of the scriptures in context; “said” could also be used here, referring to the original utterances, but by now these things had been committed to writing.


text: Grk “urged him, saying.” The participle λέγοντες ( legontes , “saying”) has not been translated because it is redundant in contemporary English.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the disciples’ request.


text: Grk “And it happened that when.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο ( egeneto , “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Here καί ( kai ) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.


text: Grk “had reclined at table,” as 1st century middle eastern meals were not eaten while sitting at a table, but while reclining on one’s side on the floor with the head closest to the low table and the feet farthest away.


text: The pronoun “it” is not in the Greek text here or in the following clause, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.


text: Here δέ ( de ) has been translated as “At this point” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative. “Then,” which is normally used to indicate this, would be redundant with the following clause.


text: This pronoun is somewhat emphatic.


text: This translates a καί ( kai , “and”) that has clear sequential force.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.


text: This question uses a Greek particle ( οὐχί , ouci ) that expects a positive reply.


text: This is a collective singular use of the term καρδία ( kardia ), so each of their hearts were burning, a reference itself to the intense emotion of their response.


text: Grk “opening” (cf. Acts 17:3 ).


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the Lord’s appearance to them.


text: For location see Map5-B1 ; Map6-F3 ; Map7-E2 ; Map8-F2 ; Map10-B3 ; JP1-F4 ; JP2-F4 ; JP3-F4 ; JP4-F4 .


text: Here the word “and” has been supplied to make it clear that the disciples who had been to Emmaus found the eleven plus the others gathered and saying this.


text: Grk “how he was made known to them”; or “how he was recognized by them.” Here the passive construction has been converted to an active one in the translation in keeping with contemporary English style.


text: Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: and the rest of the ms tradition, and should be considered an original part of Luke.


label: NET textual note

text: This is not a reference to “a phantom” as read by the Western ms D. For πνεῦμα ( pneuma ) having the force of “ghost,” or “an independent noncorporeal being, in contrast to a being that can be perceived by the physical senses,” see BDAG 833-34 s.v. πνεῦμα 4.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.


text: Or “disturbed,” “troubled.”


text: The expression here is an idiom; see BDAG 58 s.v. ἀναβαίνω 2. Here καρδία ( kardia ) is a collective singular; the expression has been translated as plural in English. sn Jesus calls the disciples to faith with a gentle rebuke about doubts and a gracious invitation to see for themselves the evidence of his resurrection.


text: Grk “that it is I myself.”


text: See tc note on “ghost” in v. 37 .


text: , and should thus be regarded as an original part of Luke’s Gospel.


text: Here δέ ( de ) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ request for food.


text: Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”


text: Three Greek infinitives are the key to this summary: (1) to suffer, (2) to rise, and (3) to be preached. The Christ (Messiah) would be slain, would be raised, and a message about repentance would go out into all the world as a result. All of this was recorded in the scripture. The remark shows the continuity between Jesus’ ministry, the scripture, and what disciples would be doing as they declared the Lord risen.


text: Or “preached,” “announced.”


text: Grk “sending on you.”


text: Grk “the promise of my Father,” with τοῦ πατρός ( tou patros ) translated as a subjective genitive. This is a reference to the Holy Spirit and looks back to how one could see Messiah had come with the promise of old ( Luke 3:15-18 ). The promise is rooted in Jer 31:31 and Ezek 36:26 .


text: Here δέ ( de ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.


text: Grk “And it happened that while.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο ( egeneto , “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.


text: Grk “while he blessed them.”


text: Grk “he departed from them.”


text: and the rest of the ms tradition. The authenticity of the statement here seems to be presupposed in Acts 1:2 , for otherwise it is difficult to account for Luke’s reference to the ascension there. For a helpful discussion, see TCGNT 162-63. For the translation of ἀνεφέρετο ( anefereto ) as “was taken up” see BDAG 75 s.v. ἀναφέρω 1. sn There is great debate whether this event equals Acts 1:9-11 so that Luke has telescoped something here that he describes in more detail later. The text can be read in this way because the temporal marker in v. 50 is vague.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “so” to indicate the result of Jesus’ ascension and the concluding summary of Luke’s Gospel.


text: The reference to worship is lacking in the Western ms D, its last major omission in this Gospel.


text: Grk “in the temple.” sn Luke’s gospel story proper ends where it began, in the temple courts ( Luke 1:4-22 ). The conclusion is open-ended, because the story continues in Acts with what happened from Jerusalem onwards, once the promise of the Father (v. 49 ) came.


text: 33 Ï lat). It is more difficult to decide between the two earlier readings. Internal arguments can go either way, but what seems decisive in this instance are the superior witnesses for εὐλογοῦντες .


text: א C* D L W 1 33 pc it co ), it is evidently not original.