translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: PSA

label: NET translator note

text: Heb “a fool says in his heart.” The singular is used here in a collective or representative sense; the typical fool is envisioned.


text: Heb “they act corruptly, they make a deed evil.” The verbs describe the typical behavior of the wicked. The subject of the plural verbs is “sons of man” (v. 2 ). The entire human race is characterized by sinful behavior. This practical atheism – living as if there is no God who will hold them accountable for their actions – makes them fools, for one of the earmarks of folly is to fail to anticipate the long range consequences of one’s behavior.


text: Heb “upon the sons of man.”


text: Or “acts wisely.” The Hiphil is exhibitive.


text: Heb “everyone turns aside.”


text: Heb “together they are corrupt.”


text: Heb “there is none that does good.”


text: Heb “all the workers of wickedness.” See Pss 5:5; 6:8 .


text: Heb “Do they not understand?” The rhetorical question (rendered in the translation as a positive affirmation) expresses the psalmist’s amazement at their apparent lack of understanding. This may refer to their lack of moral understanding, but it more likely refers to their failure to anticipate God’s defense of his people (see vv. 5-7 ).


text: Heb “there they are afraid [with] fear.” The perfect verbal form is probably used in a rhetorical manner; the psalmist describes the future demise of the oppressors as if it were already occurring. The adverb שָׁם ( sham , “there”) is also used here for dramatic effect, as the psalmist envisions the wicked standing in fear at a spot that is this vivid in his imagination (BDB 1027 s.v.). The cognate accusative following the verb emphasizes the degree of their terror.


text: Heb “for God is with a godly generation.” The Hebrew noun דּוֹר ( dor , “generation”) refers here to the general class of people who are characterized by godliness. See BDB 190 s.v. for other examples where “generation” refers to a class of people.


text: Heb “the counsel of the oppressed you put to shame.” Using a second person plural verb form, the psalmist addresses the wicked. Since the context indicates their attempt to harm the godly will be thwarted, the imperfect should be taken in a subjunctive (cf. NASB, NRSV) rather than an indicative manner (cf. NIV). Here it probably expresses their desire or intent (“want to humiliate”).


text: It is unlikely that כִּי ( ki ) has a causal force here. The translation assumes a concessive force; another option is to understand an asseverative use (“certainly, indeed”).


text: Heb “his.” The antecedent of the singular pronoun is the singular form עָנִי (’ ani , “oppressed”) in the preceding line. The singular is collective or representative here (and thus translated as plural, “they”).


text: Heb “turns with a turning [toward] his people.” The Hebrew term שְׁבוּת ( shÿvut ) is apparently a cognate accusative of שׁוּב ( shuv ).


text: The verb form is jussive.


text: Because the parallel verb is jussive, this verb, which is ambiguous in form, should be taken as a jussive as well.