translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: PSA

label: NET translator note

text: Heb “I said.”


text: Heb “I will watch my ways, from sinning with my tongue.”


text: Heb “I was mute [with] silence.”


text: Heb “I was quiet from good.” He kept quiet, resisting the urge to find emotional release and satisfaction by voicing his lament. sn I held back the urge to speak . For a helpful discussion of the relationship (and tension) between silence and complaint in ancient Israelite lamentation, see E. S. Gerstenberger, Psalms, Part I (FOTL), 166-67.


text: Heb “and my pain was stirred up.” Emotional pain is in view here.


text: Heb “my heart was hot within me.”


text: Heb “In my reflection fire burned.” The prefixed verbal form is either a preterite (past tense) or an imperfect being used in a past progressive or customary sense (“fire was burning”).


text: Heb “I spoke with my tongue.” The phrase “these words” is supplied in the translation for clarification and for stylistic reasons.


text: Heb “Cause me to know, O Lord , my end; and the measure of my days, what it is!”


text: Heb “Let me know how transient I am!”


text: Heb “Look, handbreadths you make my days.” The “handbreadth” (equivalent to the width of four fingers) was one of the smallest measures used by ancient Israelites. See P. C. Craigie, Psalms 1-50 (WBC), 309.


text: Heb “is like nothing before you.”


text: Heb “surely, all vapor [is] all mankind, standing firm.” Another option is to translate, “Surely, all mankind, though seemingly secure, is nothing but a vapor.”


text: Heb “surely, as an image man walks about.” The preposition prefixed to “image” indicates identity here. sn People go through life ( Heb “man walks about”). “Walking” is here used as a metaphor for living. The point is that human beings are here today, gone tomorrow. They have no lasting substance and are comparable to mere images or ghosts .


label: NET textual note

text: Heb “Surely [in] vain they strive, he accumulates and does not know who gathers them.” The MT as it stands is syntactically awkward. The verb forms switch from singular (“walks about”) to plural (“they strive”) and then back to singular (“accumulates and does not know”), even though the subject (generic “man”) remains the same. Furthermore there is no object for the verb “accumulates” and no plural antecedent for the plural pronoun (“them”) attached to “gathers.” These problems can be removed if one emends the text from הֶבֶל יֶהֱמָיוּן ( hevel yehemaun , “[in] vain they strive”) to הֶבְלֵי הָמוֹן ( hevley hamon , “vain things of wealth”). This assumes a misdivision in the MT and a virtual dittography of vav ( ו ) between the mem and nun of המון . The present translation follows this emendation.


text: Heb “my hope, for you it [is].”


text: Heb “because you acted.” The psalmist has in mind God’s disciplinary measures (see vv. 10-13 ).


text: Heb “remove from upon me your wound.”


text: Heb “from the hostility of your hand I have come to an end.”


text: “with punishments on account of sin you discipline a man.”


text: Heb “you cause to dissolve, like a moth, his desired [thing].” The translation assumes an emendation of חֲמוּדוֹ ( khamudo , “his desirable [thing]”) to חֶמְדוֹ ( khemdo , “his loveliness” [or “beauty”]), a reading that is supported by a few medieval Hebrew mss .


text: Heb “do not be deaf to my tears.”


text: Heb “For a resident alien [am] I with you, a sojourner like all my fathers.” sn Resident aliens were dependent on the mercy and goodwill of others. The Lord was concerned that resident aliens be treated properly. See Deut 24:17-22 , Ps 146:9 .


text: Heb “Gaze away from me and I will smile before I go and am not.” The precise identification of the initial verb form ( הָשַׁע , hasha ’) is uncertain. It could be from the root שָׁעָע ( sha ’ a ’, “smear”), but “your eyes” would be the expected object in this case (see Isa 6:10 ). The verb may be an otherwise unattested Hiphil form of שָׁעָה ( sha ’ ah , “to gaze”) meaning “cause your gaze to be.” Some prefer to emend the form to the Qal שְׁעֵה ( shÿ ’ eh , “gaze”; see Job 14:6 ). If one does read a form of the verb “to gaze,” the angry divine “gaze” of discipline would seem to be in view (see vv. 10-11 ). For a similar expression of this sentiment see Job 10:20-21 .