translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: REV

label: NET translator note

text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.


text: Grk “a reed” (but these were used for measuring). Cf. Ezek 40:3 ff.


text: Grk “saying.”


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.


text: On the term αὐλήν ( aulhn ) BDAG 150 s.v. αὐλή 1 states, “( outer ) court of the temple… Rv 11:2 .”


text: The precise meaning of the phrase ἔκβαλε ἔξωθεν ( ekbale exwqen ) is difficult to determine.


text: Or “to the nations” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).


text: The word “authority” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. “Power” would be another alternative that could be supplied here.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.


text: This is a collective singular in Greek.


text: See L&N 20.45 for the translation of κατεσθίω ( katesqiw ) as “to destroy utterly, to consume completely.”


text: Or “authority.”


text: Grk “the days.”


text: Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί ( kai ) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.


text: Or “be victorious over”; traditionally, “overcome.”


text: The Greek word πλατεῖα ( plateia ) refers to a major (broad) street (L&N 1.103).


text: Grk “spiritually.”


text: The word “every” is not in the Greek text, but is implied by the following list.


text: The Greek term καί ( kai ) has not been translated before this and the following items in the list, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.


text: Or “to be buried.”


text: Grk “fell upon.”


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.


text: Though the nearest antecedent to the subject of ἤκουσαν ( hkousan ) is the people (“those who were watching them”), it could also be (based on what immediately follows) that the two prophets are the ones who heard the voice.


text: Grk “they”; the referent (the two prophets) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: The conjunction καί ( kai ) seems to be introducing a temporal clause contemporaneous in time with the preceding clause.


text: Grk “seven thousand names of men.”


text: Grk “has passed.”


text: Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”


text: Grk “they fell down on their faces.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b. α . ב . has “ fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”


text: Grk “saying.”


text: On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent ( One ) only of God…( ὁ ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π . … Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22 .”


text: The aorist verb ἐβασίλευσας ( ebasileusa" ) has been translated ingressively.


text: Or “The Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.


text: See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1 .


text: Grk “who fear.”


text: The words “the time has come” do not occur except at the beginning of the verse; the phrase has been repeated for emphasis and contrast. The Greek has one finite verb (“has come”) with a compound subject (“your wrath,” “the time”), followed by three infinitive clauses (“to be judged,” “to give,” “to destroy”). The rhetorical power of the repetition of the finite verb in English thus emulates the rhetorical power of its lone instance in Greek.


text: Or “who deprave.” There is a possible wordplay here on two meanings for διαφθείρω ( diafqeirw ), with the first meaning “destroy” and the second meaning either “to ruin” or “to make morally corrupt.” See L&N 20.40.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence on events within the vision.


text: Or “sounds,” “voices.” It is not entirely clear what this refers to. BDAG 1071 s.v. φωνή 1 states, “In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16 ) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm?…).”


text: Although BDAG 1075 s.v. χάλαζα gives the meaning “hail” here, it is not clear whether the adjective μεγάλη ( megalh ) refers to the intensity of the storm or the size of the individual hailstones, or both.