translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: REV

label: NET translator note

text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.


text: Grk “seven plagues – the last ones.”


text: Or “had been victorious over”; traditionally, “had overcome.”


text: Grk “of his name, standing.” A new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the words “They were.”


text: Or “on.” The preposition ἐπί ( epi ) with the accusative case could mean “on, at, by, near”; given the nature of this scene appearing in a vision, it is difficult to know precisely which the author of Revelation intended. See BDAG 363 s.v. ἐπί 1 .c. γ , “ At, by, near someone or someth. ”


text: Grk “harps of God.” The phrase τοῦ θεοῦ ( tou qeou ) has been translated as a genitive of agency.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has not been translated.


text: See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1 .


text: Grk “saying.” The participle λέγοντες ( legontes ) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.


text: On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent ( One ) only of God…( ὁ ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π . … Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22 .”


text: Or “righteous,” although the context favors justice as the theme.


text: A 051 Ï ). The ms evidence seems to be fairly balanced, though αἰώνων has somewhat better support. The replacement of “ages” with “nations” is possibly a scribal attempt to harmonize this verse with the use of “nations” in the following verse. On the other hand, the idea of “nations” fits well with v. 4 and it may be that “ages” is a scribal attempt to assimilate this text to 1 Tim 1:17 : “the king of the ages” ( βασιλεὺς τῶν αἰώνων , basileu" twn aiwnwn ). The decision is a difficult one since both scenarios deal well with the evidence, though the verbal parallel with 1 Tim 1:17 is exact while the parallel with v. 4 is not. The term “king” occurs 17 other times (most occurrences refer to earthly kings) in Revelation and it is not used with either “ages” or “nations” apart from this verse. Probably the reading “nations” should be considered original due to the influence of 1 Tim 1:17 .


text: Or “and praise.” sn Jeremiah 10:7 probably stands behind the idea of fearing God, and Psalm 86:9-10 stands behind the ideas of glorifying God, his uniqueness, and the nations coming to worship him. Many other OT passages also speak about the nations “coming to his temple” to worship ( Isa 2:2-3, 49:22-23, 66:23-24 ; Micah 4:2 ; Zech 8:20-22 ). See G. K. Beale, Revelation [NIGTC], 796-97.


text: Or “all the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).


text: Or perhaps, “your sentences of condemnation.” On δικαίωμα ( dikaiwma ) in this context BDAG 249 s.v. 2 . states, “ righteous deed … δι᾿ ἑνὸς δικαιώματος (opp. παράπτωμα ) Ro 5:18 . – B 1:2 (cp. Wengst, Barnabas-brief 196, n.4); Rv 15:4 (here perh.= ‘sentence of condemnation’ [cp. Pla., Leg. 9, 864e; ins fr. Asia Minor: LBW 41, 2 [ κατὰ ] τὸ δι [ καί ] ωμα τὸ κυρω [ θέν ]= ‘acc. to the sentence which has become valid’]; difft. Wengst, s. above); 19:8 .”


text: Here καί ( kai ) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.


text: On this term BDAG 928 s.v. σκηνή 1.b. α states, “ ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου the Tabernacle or Tent of Testimony ( Ex 27:21; 29:4 ; Lev 1:1 ; Num 1:1 and oft.…) Ac 7:44; 1 Cl 43:2, 5,” and then continues in section 2 to state, “ Rv 15:5 speaks of a ναὸς τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ . God’s σκ .= dwelling is in heaven 13:6 , and will some time be among humans 21:3 .”


text: Grk “the temple of the tent of the testimony” ( ὁ ναός τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου , Jo naos ths skhnhs tou marturiou ). The genitive “of the tent” is probably an appositional genitive and should be rendered as “the temple, which is the tent.” The entire expression, then, would be “the temple which is the tent of testimony,” that is, “the heavenly equivalent of the tent or tabernacle that was with Israel in the wilderness” (G. K. Beale, Revelation [NIGTC], 801-2). sn In the OT the expression “tent of the testimony” occurs frequently (130 times in Exodus through Deuteronomy). The “testimony” refers to the ten commandments, i.e., the revelation of the righteous will of God ( Exod 16:34; 25:21; 31:18; 32:15; 40:24 ). It is little wonder that the wrath of God upon an unrighteous, lawbreaking humanity follows in John’s description.


text: Or “wide golden sashes,” but these would not be diagonal, as some modern sashes are, but horizontal. The Greek term can refer to a wide band of cloth or leather worn on the outside of one’s clothing (L&N 6.178).


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.


text: Or “anger.”


text: Grk “power, and no one.” A new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the temple being filled with smoke.