translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: REV

label: NET translator note

text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.


text: Grk “written on the inside and the outside” (an idiom for having writing on both sides).


text: L&N 6.55 states, “From the immediate context of Re 5:1 it is not possible to determine whether the scroll in question had seven seals on the outside or whether the scroll was sealed at seven different points. However, since according to chapter six of Revelation the seals were broken one after another, it would appear as though the scroll had been sealed at seven different places as it had been rolled up.”


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of no one being found worthy to open the scroll.


text: Grk “much.”


text: Grk “says” (a historical present).


text: The present imperative with μή ( mh ) is used here to command cessation of an action in progress ( ExSyn 724 lists this verse as an example).


text: Or “has been victorious”; traditionally, “has overcome.”


text: The infinitive has been translated as an infinitive of result here.


text: Perhaps, “in the middle of the throne area” (see L&N 83.10).


text: Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.” The phrase behind this translation is ὡς ἐσφαγμένον ( Jw" ejsfagmenon ). The particle ὡς is used in Greek generally for comparison, and in Revelation it is used often to describe the appearance of what the author saw. This phrase does not imply that the Lamb “appeared to have been killed” but in reality was not, because the wider context of the NT shows that in fact the Lamb, i.e., Jesus, was killed. See 13:3 for the only other occurrence of this phrase in the NT.


text: Grk “killed, having.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the pronoun “he.”


text: also does not find the problem easy to solve, placing the word in brackets to indicate doubts as to its authenticity.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.


text: The words “the scroll” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.


text: Grk “fell down.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b. α . ב . has “ fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”


text: Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.


text: The redundant participle λέγοντες ( legontes ) has not been translated here.


text: Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”


text: The preposition ἐν ( en ) is taken to indicate price here, like the Hebrew preposition ב ( bet ) does at times. BDAG 329 s.v. ἐν 5.b states, “The ἐν which takes the place of the gen. of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ ).”


text: ) delete the reference to God altogether and simply replace it with “us” ( ἡμᾶς ). This too is an attempt to remove ambiguity in the phrase and provide an object for “purchased.” The shorter reading, supported by the best witness for Revelation, best accounts for the other readings.


text: The word “persons” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.


text: Grk “and language,” but καί ( kai ) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.


text: The verb ἐποίησας ( epoihsas ) is understood to mean “appointed” here. For an example of this use, see Mark 3:14 .


text: sa Prim Bea). There is no question that the original text read αὐτούς here.


text: The reference to “kingdom and priests” may be a hendiadys: “priestly kingdom.”


text: The words “to serve” are not in the Greek text, but are implied by the word “priests.”


text: pc lat co) is a difficult one. Both readings have excellent support. On the one hand, the present tense seems to be the harder reading in this context. On the other hand, codex A elsewhere mistakes the future for the present ( 20:6 ). Further, the lunar sigma in uncial script could have been overlooked by some scribes, resulting in the present tense. All things considered, there is a slight preference for the future.


text: Grk “elders, and the number of them was.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.


text: Or “myriads of myriads.” Although μυριάς ( murias ) literally means “10,000,” the point of the combination here may simply be to indicate an incalculably huge number. See L&N 60.9.


text: The words “all of whom” are not in the Greek text, but have been supplied to indicate the resumption of the phrase “the voice of many angels” at the beginning of the verse.


text: Grk “saying.”


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.


text: Or “dominion.”


text: Grk “fell down.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b. α . ב . has “ fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”