translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: REV

label: NET translator note

text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “now” to indicate the resumption of the topic of the seals.


text: Grk “he”; the referent (the Lamb) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.


text: Grk “having.”


text: The verb “to station” was used to translate ἑστάθη ( Jestaqh ) because it connotes the idea of purposeful arrangement in English, which seems to be the idea in the Greek.


text: Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί ( kai ) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.


text: The expression τῶν θυμιαμάτων ( twn qumiamatwn ) is taken as a “genitive of producer,” i.e., the noun in the genitive produces the head noun.


text: Or “sounds,” “voices.” It is not entirely clear what this refers to. BDAG 1071 s.v. φωνή 1 states, “In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16 ) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm?…).”


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “so that” because what follows has the logical force of a result clause.


text: Or “a third of the living creatures in the sea”; Grk “the third of the creatures which were in the sea, the ones having life.”


text: On the term translated “completely destroyed,” L&N 20.40 states, “to cause the complete destruction of someone or something – ‘to destroy utterly.’ τὸ τρίτον τῶν πλοίων διεφθάρησαν ‘a third of the ships were completely destroyed’ Re 8:9 .”


text: Or “from heaven” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).


text: Grk “fell.”


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “now” in keeping with the parenthetical nature of this remark.


text: Grk “is called,” but this is somewhat redundant in contemporary English.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the star falling on the waters.


text: That is, terribly bitter (see the note on “Wormwood” earlier in this verse).


text: Grk “and many of the men died from these waters because they were bitter.”


text: Grk “the day did not shine [with respect to] the third of it.”


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.


text: Grk “one eagle.”


text: and several versions}. On external grounds, ἀετοῦ is clearly the superior reading. ἀγγέλου could have arisen inadvertently due to similarities in spelling or sound between ἀετοῦ and ἀγγέλου . It may also have been intentional in order to bring this statement in line with 14:6 where an angel is mentioned as the one flying in midair. This seems a more likely reason, strengthened by the facts that the book only mentions eagles two other times ( 4:7; 12:14 ). Further, the immediate as well as broad context is replete with references to angels.


text: Concerning the word μεσουράνημα ( mesouranhma ), L&N 1.10 states, “a point or region of the sky directly above the earth – ‘high in the sky, midpoint in the sky, directly overhead, straight above in the sky.’ εἶδον , καὶ ἤκουσα ἑνὸς ἁετοῦ πετομένου ἐν μεσουρανήματι ‘I looked, and I heard an eagle that was flying overhead in the sky’ Re 8:13 .”


text: Grk “about to sound their trumpets,” but this is redundant in English.