translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: LEV

label: NET translator note

text: Heb “on.” The “sculpted stone” appears to be some sort of stone with images carved into (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 181, and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 449).


text: Heb “and my sanctuary you shall fear.” Cf. NCV “respect”; CEV “honor.”


text: Heb “and my commandments you shall keep and do them.” This appears to be a kind of verbal hendiadys, where the first verb is a modifier of the action of the second verb (see GKC 386 §120. d , although שָׁמַר [ shamar , “to keep”] is not cited there; cf. Lev 20:8; 25:18 , etc.).


text: Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו ( vav , “and”) can be considered to have resultative force here.


text: Heb “the tree of the field will give its fruit.” As a collective singular this has been translated as plural.


text: Heb “will reach for you the vintage season.”


text: Heb “to satisfaction”; KJV, ASV, NASB “to the full.”


text: Heb “and there will be no one who terrifies.” The words “to sleep” have been supplied in the translation for clarity.


text: Heb “harmful animal,” singular, but taken here as a collective plural (so almost all English versions).


text: Heb “no sword”; the words “of war” are supplied in the translation to indicate what the metaphor of the sword represents.


text: Heb “to the sword.”


text: Heb “cause to arise,” but probably used here for the Lord ’s intention of confirming or maintaining the covenant commitment made at Sinai. Cf. KJV “establish”; NASB “will confirm”; NAB “carry out”; NIV “will keep.”


text: Heb “old [produce] growing old.”


text: Heb “and old from the presence of new you will bring out.”


text: LXX codexes Vaticanus and Alexandrinus have “my covenant” rather than “my tabernacle.” Cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV “my dwelling.”


text: Heb “and my soul [ נֶפֶשׁ , nefesh ] will not abhor you.”


text: Heb “from being to them slaves.”


text: In other words, to walk as free people and not as slaves. Cf. NIV “with (+ your CEV, NLT) heads held high”; NCV “proudly.”


text: Heb “And if.”


text: Heb “and do not do.”


text: Heb “to not do.”


text: Or “I also” (see HALOT 76 s.v. אַף 6.b).


text: Heb “soul.” These expressions may refer either to the physical effects of consumption and fever as the rendering in the text suggests (e.g., J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 452, 454, “diminishing eyesight and loss of appetite”), or perhaps the more psychological effects, “which exhausts the eyes” because of anxious hope “and causes depression” ( Heb “causes soul [ נֶפֶשׁ , nefesh ] to pine away”), e.g., B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 185.


text: Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו ( vav , “and”) can be considered to have causal force here.


text: That is, “your enemies will eat” the produce that grows from the sown seed.


text: Heb “And if until these.”


text: Heb “I will add to discipline you seven [times] on your sins.”


text: Heb “the tree of the land will not give its fruit.” The collective singular has been translated as a plural. Tg. Onq. , some medieval Hebrew mss , Smr, LXX, and Tg. Ps.-J. have “the field” as in v. 4 , rather than “the land.”


text: Heb “hostile with me,” but see the added preposition בְּ ( bet ) on the phrase “in hostility” in v. 24 and 27 .


text: Heb “your blow, stroke”; cf. TEV “punishment”; NLT “I will inflict you with seven more disasters.”


text: Heb “the animal of the field.” This collective singular has been translated as a plural. The expression “animal of the field” refers to a wild (i.e., nondomesticated) animal.


text: The words “of your children” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.


text: Heb “and diminish you.”


text: Heb “And if in these.”


text: Heb “with me,” but see the added preposition בְּ ( bet ) on the phrase “in hostility” in vv. 24 and 27 .


text: Heb “and I myself will also strike you.”


text: Heb “vengeance of covenant”; cf. NAB “the avenger of my covenant.”


text: Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו ( vav , “and”) has a concessive force in this context.


text: Heb “in hand of enemy,” but Tg. Ps.-J. and Tg. Neof. have “in the hands of your enemies” (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 454).


text: Heb “When I break to you staff of bread” (KJV, ASV, and NASB all similar).


text: Heb “they will return your bread in weight.”


text: Heb “And if in this.”


text: Heb “with me.”


text: Heb “in rage of hostility with you”; NASB “with wrathful hostility”; NRSV “I will continue hostile to you in fury”; CEV “I’ll get really furious.”


text: Heb “and the flesh of your daughters you will eat.” The phrase “you will eat” has not been repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.


text: The translation reflects the Hebrew wordplay “your corpses…the corpses of your idols.” Since idols, being lifeless, do not really have “corpses,” the translation uses “dead bodies” for people and “lifeless bodies” for the idols.


text: Heb “and my soul will abhor you.”


text: Heb “And I will give your cities a waste”; NLT “make your cities desolate.”


text: Heb “and I will empty sword” (see HALOT 1228 s.v. ריק 3).


text: There are two Hebrew roots רָצָה ( ratsah ), one meaning “to be pleased with; to take pleasure” ( HALOT 1280-81 s.v. רצה ; cf. “enjoy” in NASB, NIV, NRSV, and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 452), and the other meaning “to restore” ( HALOT 1281-82 s.v. II רצה ; cf. NAB “retrieve” and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 189).


text: Heb “it shall rest which it did not rest.”


text: Heb “And.”


text: Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו ( vav , “and”) is used in a concessive sense here.


text: The term rendered “to stand up” is a noun, not an infinitive. It occurs only here and appears to designate someone who would take a powerful stand for them against their enemies.


text: Heb “in” (so KJV, ASV; also later in this verse).


text: Heb “fathers’” (also in the following verse).


text: Heb “And.” Many English versions take this to be a conditional clause (“if…”) though there is no conditional particle (see, e.g., NASB, NIV, NRSV; but see the very different rendering in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 190). The temporal translation offered here (“when”) takes into account the particle אָז (’ az , “then”), which occurs twice in v. 41 . The obvious contextual contrast between vv. 39 and 40 is expressed by “however” in the translation.


text: Heb “in their trespassing which they trespassed in me.” See the note on Lev 5:15 , although the term is used in a more technical sense there in relation to the “guilt offering.”


text: Heb “and also which they walked.”


text: Heb “with me.”


text: Heb “or then,” although the LXX has “then” and the Syriac “and then.”


text: Heb “and then they make up for.” On the verb “make up for” see the note on v. 34 above.


text: Heb “my covenant with Abraham I will remember.” The phrase “I will remember” has not been repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.


text: Heb “from them.” The preposition “from” refers here to the agent of the action (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 455).


text: The jussive form of the verb with the simple vav ( ו ) here calls for a translation that expresses purpose.


text: The verb is the Hophal infinitive construct with the third feminine singular suffix (GKC 182 §67. y ; cf. v. 34 ).


text: Heb “from them.”


text: Heb “because and in because,” a double expression, which is used only here and in Ezek 13:10 (without the vav ) for emphasis (GKC 492 §158. b ).


text: Heb “and their soul has abhorred.”


text: Heb “covenant of former ones.” sn For similar expressions referring back to the ancestors who refused to follow the stipulations of the Mosaic covenant see, for example, Deut 19:14 , Jer 11:10 , and Ps 79:8 (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 192, and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 471).


text: Heb “gave” (so NLT); KJV, ASV, NCV “made.”


text: Heb “by the hand of” (so KJV).