translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: ISA

label: NET translator note

text: Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם ( shamayim ) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.


text: Or “quake.” נָזֹלּוּ ( nazollu ) is from the verbal root זָלַל ( zalal , “quake”; see HALOT 272 s.v. II זלל ). Perhaps there is a verbal allusion to Judg 5:5 , the only other passage where this verb occurs. In that passage the poet tells how the Lord’s appearance to do battle caused the mountains to shake.


text: Heb “to make known your name to your adversaries.” Perhaps the infinitive construct with preposition - לְ ( lamed ) should be construed with “come down” in v. 1 a, or subordinated to the following line: “To make known your name to your adversaries, let the nations shake from before you.”


text: Heb “[for which] we were not waiting.”


text: See the note at v. 1 .


text: Heb “from ancient times they have not heard, they have not listened.”


text: Heb “meet [with kindness].”


text: Heb “the one who rejoices and does righteousness.”


text: Heb “in your ways they remember you.”


text: support the MT reading. One can either accept an emendation or cast the statement as a question (as above).


text: Heb “and like a garment of menstruation [are] all our righteous acts”; KJV, NIV “filthy rags”; ASV “a polluted garment.”


text: Or “calls out in”; NASB, NIV, NRSV “calls on.”


text: Or “rouses himself”; NASB “arouses himself.”


text: Heb “for you have hidden your face from us.”


label: NET textual note

text: The Hebrew text reads literally, “and you caused us to melt in the hand of our sin.” The verb וַתְּמוּגֵנוּ ( vattÿmugenu ) is a Qal preterite 2nd person masculine singular with a 1st person common plural suffix from the root מוּג ( mug , “melt”). However, elsewhere the Qal of this verb is intransitive. If the verbal root מוּג ( mug ) is retained here, the form should be emended to a Polel pattern ( וַתְּמֹגְגֵנוּ , vattÿmogÿgenu ). The translation assumes an emendation to וַתְּמַגְּנֵנוּ ( vattÿmaggÿnenu , “and you handed us over”). This form is a Piel preterite 2nd person masculine singular with a 1st person common plural suffix from the verbal root מִגֵּן ( miggen , “hand over, surrender”; see HALOT 545 s.v. מגן and BDB 171 s.v. מָגָן ). The point is that God has abandoned them to their sinful ways and no longer seeks reconciliation.


text: On the force of וְעַתָּה ( vÿ ’ attah ) here, see HALOT 902 s.v. עַתָּה .


text: Heb “the work of your hand.”


text: Heb “do not remember sin continually.”


text: Heb “Look, gaze at your people, all of us.” Another option is to translate, “Take a good look! We are all your people.”


text: Heb “holy” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV, NLT); NIV “sacred.”


text: For location see Map5-B1 ; Map6-F3 ; Map7-E2 ; Map8-F2 ; Map10-B3 ; JP1-F4 ; JP2-F4 ; JP3-F4 ; JP4-F4 .


text: Heb “our source of pride.”


text: Or “all that we valued has become a ruin.”


text: Heb “because of these”; KJV, ASV “for these things.”