translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: LEV

label: NET translator note

text: Heb “called to”; CEV, NLT “called together.”


text: Heb “a he-goat of goats.”


text: Heb “and a calf and a lamb, sons of a year, flawless”; KJV, ASV, NRSV “without blemish”; NASB, NIV “without defect”; NLT “with no physical defects.”


text: The verb is either a prophetic perfect (“will appear to you”) as in the MT (cf. IBHS §30.5.1.e; so many English versions), or a futurum instans participle (“is going to appear to you”) as in the LXX and several other versions (see the BHS footnote; cf. IBHS 627 §37.6f). In either case, the point is that Moses was anticipating that the Lord would indeed appear to them on this day (cf. vv. 6, 22-24 ).


text: Heb “to the faces of.”


text: Heb “which the Lord commanded you shall/should do.”


text: Heb “and the glory of the Lord will appear,” but the construction with the simple vav ( ו ) plus the imperfect/jussive ( וְיֵרָא , vÿyera ’; literally, “and he will appear”) suggests purpose in this context, not just succession of events (i.e., “so that he might appear”).


text: Instead of “on behalf of the people,” the LXX has “on behalf of your house” as in the Hebrew text of Lev 16:6, 11, 17 . Many commentaries follow the LXX here (e.g., J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:578; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 118) as do a few English versions (e.g., NAB), but others argue that, as on the Day of Atonement (), the offerings of the priests also effected the people, even though there was still the need to have special offerings made on behalf of the people as reflected in the second half of the verse (e.g., B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 56).


text: Heb “from.”


text: Heb “he burned with fire,” an expression which is sometimes redundant in English, but here means “burned up,” “burned up entirely.”


text: For smoothness in the English translation, “his” was used in place of “Aaron’s.”


text: The verb is a Hiphil form of מָצָא , matsa ’, “to find” (i.e., causative, literally “to cause to find,” but here the meaning is “to hand to” or “pass to”; see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 117-18, and J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:581-82). The distinction between this verb and “presented” in v. 9 above (see the note there) is that in v. 9 Aaron’s sons held the bowl while Aaron manipulated some of the blood at the altar, while here in v. 12 they simply handed the bowl to him so he could splash all the blood around on the altar (Milgrom, 581).


text: For “splashed” (also in v. 18 ) see the note on Lev 1:5 .


text: See the note on v. 12 .


text: Heb “and the burnt offering they handed to him to its parts and the head.”


text: The expression “and performed a decontamination rite [with] it” reads literally in the MT, “and decontaminated [with] it.” The verb is the Piel of חטא ( kht ’, Qal = “to sin”), which means “to decontaminate, purify” (i.e., “to de-sin”; see the note on Lev 8:15 ).


text: The term “standard regulation” ( מִשְׁפָּט , mishpat ) here refers to the set of regulations for burnt offering goats in Lev 1:10-13 . Cf. KJV “according to the manner”; ASV, NASB “according to the ordinance”; NIV, NLT “in the prescribed way”; CEV “in the proper way.”


text: See the note on Lev 9:12 .


text: Heb “And the fat from the ox and from the ram.”


text: The text here has only the participle “the cover” or “that which covers,” which is elliptical for “the fat which covers the entrails” (see Lev 3:3, 9, 14; 7:3 ).


text: The plural “they” refers to the sons of Aaron (cf. v. 18 ). The LXX, Smr, and Syriac have singular “he,” referring to Aaron alone as in the latter half of the verse (the singular is followed here by NLT). Cf. NCV “Aaron’s sons put them.”


text: Heb “from to the faces of the Lord .” The rendering here is based on the use of “my faces” and “your faces” referring to the very “presence” of the Lord in Exod 33:14-15 .


text: Heb “fell on their faces.” Many English versions and commentaries render here “shouted for joy” (e.g., NIV; cf. NCV, NLT) or “shouted joyfully,” but the fact the people “fell on their faces” immediately afterward suggests that they were frightened as, for example, in Exod 19:16 b; 20:18-21 .