translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: ROM

label: NET study note

text: Rom 9:1 – 11:36 . These three chapters are among the most difficult and disputed in Paul’s Letter to the Romans. One area of difficulty is the relationship between Israel and the church, especially concerning the nature and extent of Israel’s election. Many different models have been constructed to express this relationship. For a representative survey, see M. Barth, The People of God (JSNTSup), 22-27. The literary genre of these three chapters has been frequently identified as a diatribe, a philosophical discussion or conversation evolved by the Cynic and Stoic schools of philosophy as a means of popularizing their ideas (E. Käsemann, Romans , 261 and 267). But other recent scholars have challenged the idea that –11 is characterized by diatribe. Scholars like R. Scroggs and E. E. Ellis have instead identified the material in question as midrash. For a summary and discussion of the rabbinic connections, see W. R. Stegner, “ Romans 9.6-29 – A Midrash,” JSNT 22 (1984): 37-52.


text: A quotation from Gen 18:10, 14 .


text: A quotation from Gen 25:23 .


text: A quotation from Mal 1:2-3 .


text: A quotation from Exod 33:19 .


text: There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.


text: Paul uses a typical rabbinic formula here in which the OT scriptures are figuratively portrayed as speaking to Pharaoh . What he means is that the scripture he cites refers (or can be applied) to Pharaoh.


text: A quotation from Exod 9:16 .


text: A quotation from Isa 29:16; 45:9 .


text: A quotation from Hos 2:23 .


text: A quotation from Hos 1:10 .


text: A quotation from Isa 1:9 .


text: A quotation from Isa 28:16; 8:14 .