translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: HOS

label: NET study note

text: The noun פַּח ( pakh , “trap”) is used (1) literally of a bird-trap, used in similes and metaphors ( Amos 3:5 ; Prov 7:23 ; Eccl 9:12 ), and (2) figuratively to refer to (a) calamities and plots ( Job 18:9; 22:10 ; Pss 91:3; 119:110; 124:7; 140:6; 141:9; 142:4 ; Prov 22:5 ; Isa 24:17-18 ; Jer 18:22; 48:43-44 ; Hos 9:8 ) and (b) a source of calamity ( Josh 23:13 ; Pss 11:6; 69:23 ; Isa 8:14 ; Hos 5:1 ; BDB 809 s.v. פַּח ).


text: The noun רֶשֶׁת ( reshet , “net”) is used (1) literally of a net used to catch birds ( Prov 1:17 ) and (2) in figurative descriptions of the wicked plotting to ensnare their victims ( Prov 29:5 ; Pss 9:16; 10:9; 25:15; 31:5; 35:7; 57:7; 140:6 ; Job 18:8 ; BDB 440 s.v. רֶשֶׁת ).


text: The terms flocks and herds are used figuratively for animal sacrifices (metonymy of association). Hosea describes the futility of seeking God’s favor with mere ritual sacrifice without the prerequisite moral obedience (e.g., 1 Sam 15:24 ; Ps 50:6-8; 51:17-18 ; Isa 1:12 ; Mic 6:6-8 ).


text: See the note on the place name Beth Aven in 4:15 .


text: The term רְצוּץ ( rÿtsuts , “crushed”) is a metaphor for weakness (e.g., 2 Kgs 18:21 ; Isa 36:6; 42:3 ) and oppression (e.g., Deut 28:33 ; 1 Sam 12:3, 4 ; Amos 4:1 ; Isa 58:6 ). Here it is used as a figure to describe the devastating effects of the Lord ’s judgment.