translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: REV

label: NET translator note

text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.


text: Grk “and being tortured,” though βασανίζω ( basanizw ) in this context refers to birth pangs. BDAG 168 s.v. 2 .b states, “Of birth-pangs (Anth. Pal. 9, 311 βάσανος has this mng.) Rv 12:2 .” The καί ( kai ) has not been translated.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.


text: For the translation of διάδημα ( diadhma ) as “diadem crown” see L&N 6.196. sn Diadem crowns were a type of crown used as a symbol of the highest ruling authority in a given area, and thus often associated with kingship.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “now” to indicate that this remark is virtually parenthetical.


text: Grk “its”; the referent (the dragon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “so” to indicate the conclusion of the anticipated birth.


text: On this term BDAG 135 s.v. ἄρσην states: “ male …The neut. ἄρσεν Rv 12:5 , difft. vs. 13, comes fr. Is 66:7 and is in apposition to υἱόν . On the juxtaposition s. FBoll, ZNW 15, 1914, 253; BOlsson, Glotta 23, ’34, 112.”


text: Grk “shepherd.”


text: Or “all the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).


text: Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος ( rJabdo" ) can mean either “rod” or “scepter.” sn An allusion to Ps 2:9 (see also Rev 2:27; 19:15 ).


text: Grk “and the woman,” which would be somewhat redundant in English.


text: Or “desert.”


text: Grk “where she has there a place prepared by God.”


text: Grk “so they can take care of her.”


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “but” to indicate the implied contrast.


text: The words “to prevail” are not in the Greek text, but are implied.


text: Grk “found.”


text: Grk “for them”; the referent (the dragon and his angels, v. 7 ) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “so” to indicate the result of the war in heaven.


text: Or “the right of his Messiah to rule.” See L&N 37.35.


text: Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”


text: Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [ adelfoi ] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited). The translation “fellow believer” would normally apply (L&N 11.23), but since the speaker(s) are not specified in this context, it is not clear if such a translation would be appropriate here. The more generic “brothers and sisters” was chosen to emphasize the fact of a relationship without specifying its type.


text: Or “who accuses them continually.”


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast.


text: The word “But” is not in the Greek text, but the contrast is clearly implied. This is a case of asyndeton (lack of a connective).


text: Grk “and is filled,” a continuation of the previous sentence. Because English tends to use shorter sentences (especially when exclamations are involved), a new sentence was started here in the translation.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “now” because the clause it introduces is clearly resumptive.


text: Grk “saw.”


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present here.


text: Or “desert.”


text: The word “God” is supplied based on the previous statements made concerning “the place prepared for the woman” in 12:6 .


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.


text: Grk “so that he might make her swept away.”


text: Grk “the earth helped the woman.”


text: Grk “the earth opened its mouth” (a metaphor for the ground splitting open).


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the woman’s escape.


text: Grk “her seed” (an idiom for offspring, children, or descendants).


text: Or “who obey.”


text: Grk “and having.”


text: Grk “the testimony of Jesus,” which may involve a subjective genitive (“Jesus’ testimony”) or, more likely, an objective genitive (“testimony about Jesus”).


text: Grk “he”; the referent (the dragon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: co) have the reading ἐστάθην ( estaqhn , “I stood”). Thus, the majority of mss make the narrator, rather than the dragon of 12:17 , the subject of the verb. The first person reading is most likely an assimilation to the following verb in 13:1 , “I saw.” The reading “I stood” was introduced either by accident or to produce a smoother flow, giving the narrator a vantage point on the sea’s edge from which to observe the beast rising out of the sea in 13:1 . But almost everywhere else in the book, the phrase καὶ εἶδον ( kai eidon , “and I saw”) marks a transition to a new vision, without reference to the narrator’s activity. On both external and internal grounds, it is best to adopt the third person reading, “he stood.”


text: Or “sandy beach” (L&N 1.64).


text: , both include this sentence as 12:18 , as do the RSV and NRSV. Other modern translations like the NASB and NIV include the sentence at the beginning of 13:1 ; in these versions chap. has only 17 verses.