translation_id: net-engnet

book_id: REV

label: NET translator note

text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.


text: Or “anger.” Here τοῦ θυμοῦ ( tou qumou ) has been translated as a genitive of content.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the directions given by the voice from the temple.


text: Grk “the first”; the referent (the first angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.


text: Or “ulcerated sores”; the term in the Greek text is singular but is probably best understood as a collective singular.


text: Grk ‘the men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος ( anqrwpo" ) and refers to both men and women.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “next” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.


text: Grk “the second”; the referent (the second angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Grk “the third”; the referent (the third angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “now” to indicate the somewhat parenthetical nature of the remarks that follow.


text: Or “righteous,” although the context favors justice as the theme.


text: Or “because you have judged these things.” The pronoun ταῦτα ( tauta ) is neuter gender.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “so” to indicate that this judgment is the result of what these wicked people did to the saints and prophets.


text: Grk “They are worthy”; i.e., of this kind of punishment. By extension, “they got what they deserve.”


text: Grk “the altar saying.”


text: On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent ( One ) only of God…( ὁ ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π . … Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22 .”


text: Grk “the fourth”; the referent (the fourth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος ( anqrwpo" ) and refers to both men and women.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the bowl poured on the sun.


text: On this phrase BDAG 536 s.v. καῦμα states, “ burning, heat Rv 7:16 … καυματίζεσθαι κ . μέγα be burned with a scorching heat 16:9.”


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.


text: For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία ( exousia ) see L&N 37.35.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.


text: Grk “the fifth”; the referent (the fifth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “so that” to indicate the implied result of the fifth bowl being poured out.


text: Grk “his kingdom became dark.”


text: On this term BDAG 620 s.v. μασάομαι states, “ bite w. acc. τὰς γλώσσας bite their tongues Rv 16:10 .”


text: The preposition ἐκ ( ek ) has been translated here and twice in the following verse with a causal sense.


text: Grk “pains” (the same term in Greek [ πόνος , ponos ] as the last word in v. 11 , here translated “sufferings” because it is plural). BDAG 852 s.v. 2 states, “ ἐκ τοῦ π . in pain … Rv 16:10 ; pl. ( Gen 41:51 ; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 146; Test. Jud. 18:4 ) ἐκ τῶν π . … because of their sufferings vs. 11.”


text: Or “ulcerated sores” (see 16:2 ).


text: Grk “and they did not repent.” Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “but nevertheless” to express the contrast here.


text: Grk “they did not repent” The addition of “still refused” reflects the hardness of people’s hearts in the context.


text: Grk “the sixth”; the referent (the sixth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Grk “and its water was dried up.” Here the passive construction has been translated as an active one.


text: Grk “in order that the way might be prepared.” Here the passive construction has been translated as an active one.


text: Grk “from the rising of the sun.” BDAG 74 s.v. ἀνατολή 2.a takes this as a geographical direction: “ ἀπὸ ἀ . ἡλίου … from the east Rv 7:2; 16:12 ; simply ἀπὸ ἀ . … 21:13 .”


text: BDAG 699 s.v. οἰκουμένη 1 states, “ the inhabited earth, the world … ὅλη ἡ οἰκ . the whole inhabited earth … Mt 24:14 ; Ac 11:28 ; Rv 3:10; 16:14 .”


text: On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent ( One ) only of God…( ὁ ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π . … Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22 .”


text: Grk “and keeps.” BDAG 1002 s.v. τηρέω 2.c states “of holding on to someth. so as not to give it up or lose it… τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ Rv 16:15 (or else he will have to go naked).”


text: On the translation of ἀσχημοσύνη ( aschmosunh ) as “shameful condition” see L&N 25.202. The indefinite third person plural (“and they see”) has been translated as a passive here.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “now” to indicate the resumption and conclusion of the remarks about the pouring out of the sixth bowl.


text: Grk “they”; the referent (the demonic spirits, v. 14 ) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Grk “gathered them”; the referent (the kings and [implied] their armies, v. 14 ) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


label: NET textual note

text: There are many variations in the spelling of this name among the Greek mss , although ῾Αρμαγεδών ( &armagedwn ) has the best support. The usual English spelling is Armageddon, used in the translation. tn Or “Harmagedon” (a literal transliteration of the Greek), or “Har-Magedon” (NASB), meaning “the Mount of Magedon” in Hebrew.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “finally” to indicate the conclusion of the seven bowl judgments.


text: Grk “the seventh”; the referent (the seventh angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.


text: Or “sounds,” “voices.” It is not entirely clear what this refers to. BDAG 1071 s.v. φωνή 1 states, “In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16 ) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm?…).”


text: The singular ἄνθρωπος ( anqrwpo" ) is used generically here to refer to the human race.


text: Here καί ( kai ) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.


text: Or “of the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).


text: Grk “fell.”


text: Here καί ( kai ) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Babylon’s misdeeds (see Rev 14:8 ).


text: Grk “the cup of the wine of the anger of the wrath of him.” The concatenation of four genitives has been rendered somewhat differently by various translations (see the note on the word “wrath”).


text: Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός ( qumo" ) and ὀργή ( orgh ) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature ( Exod 32:12 ; Jer 32:37 ; Lam 2:3 ; CD 10:9 ). Thus in Rev 14:8 (to which the present passage alludes) and 18:3 there is irony: The wine of immoral behavior with which Babylon makes the nations drunk becomes the wine of God’s wrath for her.


text: Grk “And every.” Here καί ( kai ) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.


text: Or “vanished.”


text: Here BDAG 988 s.v. ταλαντιαῖος states, “ weighing a talent … χάλαζα μεγάλη ὡς ταλαντιαία a severe hailstorm with hailstones weighing a talent (the talent=125 librae, or Roman pounds of c. 343 gr. or 12 ounces each) ( weighing about a hundred pounds NRSV) Rv 16:21 .” This means each hailstone would weigh just under 100 pounds or 40 kilograms.


text: Or “the sky.” Due to the apocalyptic nature of this book, it is probably best to leave the translation as “from heaven,” since God is ultimately the source of the judgment.


text: Grk “on men,” but ἄνθρωπος ( anqrwpo" ) is used here in a generic sense to refer to people in general (the hailstones did not single out adult males, but would have also fallen on women and children).


text: Grk “the men”; for stylistic reasons the pronoun “they” is used here.


text: Grk “the plague of it.”


text: Grk “since the plague of it was exceedingly great.”