26. Though smitten of God (<reference osisRef="Isa.53.4">Is 53:4</reference>), men were not less guilty in persecuting the sufferer (<reference osisRef="Acts.2.23">Ac 2:23</reference>).

<hi type="bold">talk to the grief--</hi>in respect to, about it, implying derision and taunts.

<hi type="bold">wounded--</hi>or, literally, "mortally wounded."

26. Though smitten of God (Is 53:4), men were not less guilty in persecuting the sufferer (Ac 2:23). talk to the grief-- in respect to, about it, implying derision and taunts. wounded-- or, literally, "mortally wounded."


<hi type="bold">27-28. iniquity--</hi>or, "punishment of iniquity" (<reference osisRef="Ps.40.12">Psa 40:12</reference>).

<hi type="bold">come ... righteousness--</hi>partake of its benefits.

27-28. iniquity-- or, "punishment of iniquity" (Psa 40:12). come... righteousness-- partake of its benefits.


<hi type="bold">29. poor and sorrowful--</hi>the afflicted pious, often denoted by such terms (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.10.17">Psa 10:17</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.12.5">12:5</reference>).

<hi type="bold">set me ... high--</hi>out of danger.

29. poor and sorrowful-- the afflicted pious, often denoted by such terms (compare Psa 10:17; 12:5). set me... high-- out of danger.


30-31. Spiritual are better than mere material offerings (<reference osisRef="Ps.40.6">Psa 40:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.50.8">50:8</reference>); hence a promise of the former, and rather contemptuous terms are used of the latter.

30-31. Spiritual are better than mere material offerings (Psa 40:6; 50:8); hence a promise of the former, and rather contemptuous terms are used of the latter.


32-33. Others shall rejoice. "Humble" and poor, as in <reference osisRef="Ps.69.29">Psa 69:29</reference>.

<hi type="bold">your heart, &c.--</hi>address to such (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.22.26">Psa 22:26</reference>).

32-33. Others shall rejoice. "Humble" and poor, as in Psa 69:29. your heart, &c.-- address to such (compare Psa 22:26).


34-36. The call on the universe for praise is well sustained by the prediction of the perpetual and extended blessings which shall come upon the covenant-people of God. Though, as usual, the imagery is taken from terms used of Palestine, the whole tenor of the context indicates that the spiritual privileges and blessings of the Church are meant. <chapter eID="Ps.69"/>


<chapter n="70" osisID="Ps.70" sID="Ps.70"/>

<title type="x-s2">PSALM 70</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.70.1-Ps.70.5">Psa 70:1-5</reference>. This corresponds to <reference osisRef="Ps.40.13-Ps.40.17">Psa 40:13-17</reference> with a very few variations, as "turn back" (<reference osisRef="Ps.70.3">Psa 70:3</reference>) for "desolate," and "make haste unto me" (<reference osisRef="Ps.70.5">Psa 70:5</reference>) for "thinketh upon me." It forms a suitable appendix to the preceding, and is called "a Psalm to bring to remembrance," as the thirty-eighth [see on <reference osisRef="Ps.38.1">Psa 38:1</reference>, title].</title>
 <chapter eID="Ps.70"/>

PSALM 70 Psa 70:1-5. This corresponds to Psa 40:13-17 with a very few variations, as "turn back" (Psa 70:3) for "desolate," and "make haste unto me" (Psa 70:5) for "thinketh upon me." It forms a suitable appendix to the preceding, and is called "a Psalm to bring to remembrance," as the thirty-eighth [see on Psa 38:1, title].


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 71</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.71.1-Ps.71.24">Psa 71:1-24</reference>. The Psalmist, probably in old age, appeals to God for help from his enemies, pleading his past favors, and stating his present need; and, in confidence of a hearing, he promises his grateful thanks and praise.</title>

1-3. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.30.1-Ps.30.3">Psa 30:1-3</reference>).

PSALM 71 Psa 71:1-24. The Psalmist, probably in old age, appeals to God for help from his enemies, pleading his past favors, and stating his present need; and, in confidence of a hearing, he promises his grateful thanks and praise. 1-3. (Compare Psa 30:1-3).


<hi type="bold">4-5. cruel man--</hi>corrupt and ill-natured--literally, "sour."

4-5. cruel man-- corrupt and ill-natured--literally, "sour."


6-9. His history from early infancy illustrated God's care, and his wonderful deliverances were at once occasions of praise and ground of confidence for the future.

<hi type="bold">my praise ... of thee--</hi>literally, "in" or "by Thee" (<reference osisRef="Ps.22.25">Psa 22:25</reference>).

6-9. His history from early infancy illustrated God's care, and his wonderful deliverances were at once occasions of praise and ground of confidence for the future. my praise... of thee-- literally, "in" or "by Thee" (Psa 22:25).


10-11. The craft and malicious taunts of his enemies now led him to call for aid (compare the terms used, <reference osisRef="2Sam.17.12">2Sa 17:12</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.3.2">Psa 3:2</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.7.2">7:2</reference>).

10-11. The craft and malicious taunts of his enemies now led him to call for aid (compare the terms used, 2Sa 17:12; Psa 3:2; 7:2).


12. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.22.19">Psa 22:19</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.40.4">40:4</reference>).

12. (Compare Psa 22:19; 40:4).


13. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.35.4">Psa 35:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.40.14">40:14</reference>).

13. (Compare Psa 35:4; 40:14).


14-16. The ruin of his enemies, as illustrating God's faithfulness, is his deliverance, and a reason for future confidence.


17-21. Past experience again encourages.

<hi type="bold">taught me, &c.--</hi>by providential dealings.

17-21. Past experience again encourages. taught me, &c.-- by providential dealings.


22-24. To the occasion of praise he now adds the promise to render it.

<hi type="bold">will ... praise--</hi>literally, "will thank."

<hi type="bold">even thy truth--</hi>as to Thy truth or faithfulness. <chapter eID="Ps.71"/>

22-24. To the occasion of praise he now adds the promise to render it. will... praise-- literally, "will thank." even thy truth-- as to Thy truth or faithfulness.


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 72</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.72.1-Ps.72.19">Psa 72:1-19</reference>. For, or literally, "of Solomon." The closing verse rather relates to the second book of Psalms, of which this is the last, and was perhaps added by some collector, to intimate that the collection, to which, as chief author, David's name was appended, was closed. In this view, these may consistently be the productions of others included, as of Asaph, sons of Korah, and Solomon; and a few of David's may be placed in the latter series. The fact that here the usual mode of denoting authorship is used, is strongly conclusive that Solomon was the author, especially as no stronger objection appears than what has been now set aside. The Psalm, in highly wrought figurative style, describes the reign of a king as "righteous, universal, beneficent, and perpetual." By the older Jewish and most modern Christian interpreters, it has been referred to Christ, whose reign, present and prospective, alone corresponds with its statements. As the imagery of the second Psalm was drawn from the martial character of David's reign, that of this is from the peaceful and prosperous state of Solomon's.</title>

<hi type="bold">1. Give the king, &c.--</hi>a prayer which is equivalent to a prediction.

<hi type="bold">judgments--</hi>the acts, and (figuratively) the principles of a right government (<reference osisRef="John.5.22">Joh 5:22</reference>; <reference osisRef="John.9.39">9:39</reference>).

<hi type="bold">righteousness--</hi>qualifications for conducting such a government.

<hi type="bold">king's son--</hi>same person as a king--a very proper title for Christ, as such in both natures.

 2, &c. The effects of such a government by one thus endowed are detailed.

<hi type="bold">thy people ... and thy poor--</hi>or, "meek," the pious subjects of his government.

PSALM 72 Psa 72:1-19. For, or literally, "of Solomon." The closing verse rather relates to the second book of Psalms, of which this is the last, and was perhaps added by some collector, to intimate that the collection, to which, as chief author, David's name was appended, was closed. In this view, these may consistently be the productions of others included, as of Asaph, sons of Korah, and Solomon; and a few of David's may be placed in the latter series. The fact that here the usual mode of denoting authorship is used, is strongly conclusive that Solomon was the author, especially as no stronger objection appears than what has been now set aside. The Psalm, in highly wrought figurative style, describes the reign of a king as "righteous, universal, beneficent, and perpetual." By the older Jewish and most modern Christian interpreters, it has been referred to Christ, whose reign, present and prospective, alone corresponds with its statements. As the imagery of the second Psalm was drawn from the martial character of David's reign, that of this is from the peaceful and prosperous state of Solomon's. 1. Give the king, &c.-- a prayer which is equivalent to a prediction. judgments-- the acts, and (figuratively) the principles of a right government (Joh 5:22; 9:39). righteousness-- qualifications for conducting such a government. king's son-- same person as a king--a very proper title for Christ, as such in both natures. 2, &c. The effects of such a government by one thus endowed are detailed. thy people... and thy poor-- or, "meek," the pious subjects of his government.


3. As mountains and hills are not usually productive, they are here selected to show the abundance of peace, being represented as

<hi type="bold">bringing--</hi>or, literally, "bearing" it as a produce.

<hi type="bold">by righteousness--</hi>that is, by means of his eminently just and good methods of ruling.

3. As mountains and hills are not usually productive, they are here selected to show the abundance of peace, being represented as bringing-- or, literally, "bearing" it as a produce. by righteousness-- that is, by means of his eminently just and good methods of ruling.


4. That peace, including prosperity, as an eminent characteristic of Christ's reign (<reference osisRef="Isa.2.4">Is 2:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.9.6">Is 9:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.11.9">11:9</reference>), will be illustrated in the security provided for the helpless and needy, and the punishment inflicted on oppressors, whose power to injure or mar the peace of others will be destroyed (compare <reference osisRef="Isa.65.25">Is 65:25</reference>; <reference osisRef="Zech.9.10">Zec 9:10</reference>).

<hi type="bold">children of the needy--</hi>for the needy (compare sons of strangers, <reference osisRef="Ps.18.45">Psa 18:45</reference> [Margin]).

4. That peace, including prosperity, as an eminent characteristic of Christ's reign (Is 2:4; Is 9:6; 11:9), will be illustrated in the security provided for the helpless and needy, and the punishment inflicted on oppressors, whose power to injure or mar the peace of others will be destroyed (compare Is 65:25; Zec 9:10). children of the needy-- for the needy (compare sons of strangers, Psa 18:45 [Margin]).


<hi type="bold">5. as long as ... endure--</hi>literally, "with the sun," coeval with its existence, and before, or, in presence of the moon, while it lasts (compare <reference osisRef="Gen.11.28">Ge 11:28</reference>, "before Terah," literally, "in presence of," while he lived).

5. as long as... endure-- literally, "with the sun," coeval with its existence, and before, or, in presence of the moon, while it lasts (compare Ge 11:28, "before Terah," literally, "in presence of," while he lived).


6. A beautiful figure expresses the grateful nature of His influence;

 7, and, carrying out the figure, the results are described in an abundant production.

<hi type="bold">the righteous--</hi>literally, "righteousness."

<hi type="bold">flourish--</hi>literally, "sprout," or, "spring forth."

6. A beautiful figure expresses the grateful nature of His influence; 7, and, carrying out the figure, the results are described in an abundant production. the righteous-- literally, "righteousness." flourish-- literally, "sprout," or, "spring forth."


8. The foreign nations mentioned (<reference osisRef="Ps.72.9">Psa 72:9</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ps.72.10">10</reference>) could not be included in the limits, if designed to indicate the boundaries of Solomon's kingdom. The terms, though derived from those used (<reference osisRef="Exod.23.31">Ex 23:31</reference>; <reference osisRef="Deut.11.24">De 11:24</reference>) to denote the possessions of Israel, must have a wider sense. Thus, "ends of the earth" is never used of Palestine, but always of the world (compare Margin).

8. The foreign nations mentioned (Psa 72:9, 10) could not be included in the limits, if designed to indicate the boundaries of Solomon's kingdom. The terms, though derived from those used (Ex 23:31; De 11:24) to denote the possessions of Israel, must have a wider sense. Thus, "ends of the earth" is never used of Palestine, but always of the world (compare Margin).


9-11. The extent of the conquests.

<hi type="bold">They that dwell in the wilderness--</hi>the wild, untutored tribes of deserts.

<hi type="bold">bow ... dust--</hi>in profound submission. The remotest and wealthiest nations shall acknowledge Him (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.45.12">Psa 45:12</reference>).

9-11. The extent of the conquests. They that dwell in the wilderness-- the wild, untutored tribes of deserts. bow... dust-- in profound submission. The remotest and wealthiest nations shall acknowledge Him (compare Psa 45:12).


12-14. They are not the conquests of arms, but the influences of humane and peaceful principles (compare <reference osisRef="Isa.9.7">Is 9:7</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.11.1-Isa.11.9">11:1-9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Zech.9.9">Zec 9:9</reference>, <reference osisRef="Zech.9.10">10</reference>).

12-14. They are not the conquests of arms, but the influences of humane and peaceful principles (compare Is 9:7; 11:1-9; Zec 9:9, 10).


15. In his prolonged life he will continue to receive the honorable gifts of the rich, and the prayers of his people shall be made for him, and their praises given to him.


16. The spiritual blessings, as often in Scripture, are set forth by material, the abundance of which is described by a figure, in which a "handful" (or literally, "a piece," or small portion) of corn in the most unpropitious locality, shall produce a crop, waving in the wind in its luxuriant growth, like the forests of Lebanon.

<hi type="bold">they of the city ... earth--</hi>This clause denotes the rapid and abundant increase of population--

<hi type="bold">of--</hi>or, "from"

<hi type="bold">the city--</hi>Jerusalem, the center and seat of the typical kingdom.

<hi type="bold">flourish--</hi>or, glitter as new grass--that is, bloom. This increase corresponds with the increased productiveness. So, as the gospel blessings are diffused, there shall arise increasing recipients of them, out of the Church in which Christ resides as head.

16. The spiritual blessings, as often in Scripture, are set forth by material, the abundance of which is described by a figure, in which a "handful" (or literally, "a piece," or small portion) of corn in the most unpropitious locality, shall produce a crop, waving in the wind in its luxuriant growth, like the forests of Lebanon. they of the city... earth-- This clause denotes the rapid and abundant increase of population-- of-- or, "from" the city-- Jerusalem, the center and seat of the typical kingdom. flourish-- or, glitter as new grass--that is, bloom. This increase corresponds with the increased productiveness. So, as the gospel blessings are diffused, there shall arise increasing recipients of them, out of the Church in which Christ resides as head.


<hi type="bold">17. His name--</hi>or, "glorious perfections."

<hi type="bold">as long as the sun--</hi>(Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.72.5">Psa 72:5</reference>).

<hi type="bold">men shall be blessed--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Gen.12.3">Ge 12:3</reference>; <reference osisRef="Gen.18.18">18:18</reference>).

17. His name-- or, "glorious perfections." as long as the sun-- (Compare Psa 72:5). men shall be blessed-- (Ge 12:3; 18:18).


18-19. These words close the Psalm in terms consistent with the style of the context, while <reference osisRef="Ps.72.20">Psa 72:20</reference> is evidently, from its prosaic style, an addition for the purpose above explained [see on Psa 72:1].

18-19. These words close the Psalm in terms consistent with the style of the context, while Psa 72:20 is evidently, from its prosaic style, an addition for the purpose above explained [see on Psa 72:1].


<hi type="bold">20. ended--</hi>literally, "finished," or completed; the word never denotes fulfilment, except in a very late usage, as in <reference osisRef="Ezra.1.1">Ezr 1:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Dan.12.7">Da 12:7</reference>. <chapter eID="Ps.72"/>

20. ended-- literally, "finished," or completed; the word never denotes fulfilment, except in a very late usage, as in Ezr 1:1; Da 12:7.


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 73</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.73.1-Ps.73.28">Psa 73:1-28</reference>. Of Asaph--(see Introduction). God is good to His people. For although the prosperity of the wicked, and the afflictions of the righteous, tempted the Psalmist to misgivings of God's government, yet the sudden and fearful ruin of the ungodly, seen in the light of God's revelation, reassures his heart; and, chiding himself for his folly, he is led to confide renewedly in God, and celebrate His goodness and love.</title>

1. The abrupt announcement of the theme indicates that it is the conclusion of a perplexing mental conflict, which is then detailed (compare <reference osisRef="Jer.12.1-Jer.12.4">Jr 12:1-4</reference>).

<hi type="bold">Truly--</hi>or, "Surely it is so."

<hi type="bold">clean heart--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Ps.18.26">Psa 18:26</reference>) describes the true Israel.

PSALM 73 Psa 73:1-28. Of Asaph--(see Introduction). God is good to His people. For although the prosperity of the wicked, and the afflictions of the righteous, tempted the Psalmist to misgivings of God's government, yet the sudden and fearful ruin of the ungodly, seen in the light of God's revelation, reassures his heart; and, chiding himself for his folly, he is led to confide renewedly in God, and celebrate His goodness and love. 1. The abrupt announcement of the theme indicates that it is the conclusion of a perplexing mental conflict, which is then detailed (compare Jr 12:1-4). Truly-- or, "Surely it is so." clean heart-- (Psa 18:26) describes the true Israel.


2. The figures express his wavering faith, by terms denoting tottering and weakness (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.22.5">Psa 22:5</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.62.3">62:3</reference>).

2. The figures express his wavering faith, by terms denoting tottering and weakness (compare Psa 22:5; 62:3).


<hi type="bold">3-9. The prosperous wicked are insolently proud (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.5.5">Psa 5:5</reference>). They die, as well as live, free from perplexities: pride adorns them, and violence is their clothing; indeed they are inflated with unexpected success. With all this--</hi>

3-9. The prosperous wicked are insolently proud (compare Psa 5:5). They die, as well as live, free from perplexities: pride adorns them, and violence is their clothing; indeed they are inflated with unexpected success. With all this--


10-12. Hence God's people are confounded, turned hither (or back) and thither, perplexed with doubts of God's knowledge and care, and filled with sorrow.


13-14. The Psalmist, partaking of these troubles, is especially disturbed in view of his own case, that with all his diligent efforts for a holy life, he is still sorely tried.


15. Freed from idiomatic phrases, this verse expresses a supposition, as, "Had I thus spoken, I should," &c., intimating that he had kept his troubles to himself.

<hi type="bold">generation of thy children--</hi>Thy people (<reference osisRef="1John.3.1">1Jo 3:1</reference>).

<hi type="bold">offend--</hi>literally, "deceive, mislead."

15. Freed from idiomatic phrases, this verse expresses a supposition, as, "Had I thus spoken, I should," &c., intimating that he had kept his troubles to himself. generation of thy children-- Thy people (1Jo 3:1). offend-- literally, "deceive, mislead."


 <hi type="bold">16-17. Still he--</hi>

<hi type="bold">thought--</hi>literally, "studied," or, "pondered this riddle"; but in vain; it remained a toil (compare Margin), till he--

16-17. Still he-- thought-- literally, "studied," or, "pondered this riddle"; but in vain; it remained a toil (compare Margin), till he--


<hi type="bold">18-20. their end--</hi>future (<reference osisRef="Ps.37.37">Psa 37:37</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ps.37.38">38</reference>), which is dismal and terribly sudden (<reference osisRef="Prov.1.27">Pr 1:27</reference>; 29:1), aggravated and hastened by terror. As one despises an unsubstantial dream, so God, waking up to judgment (<reference osisRef="Ps.7.6">Psa 7:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.44.23">44:23</reference>), despises their vain shadow of happiness (<reference osisRef="Ps.39.6">Psa 39:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.29.7">Is 29:7</reference>). They are thrown into ruins as a building falling to pieces (<reference osisRef="Ps.74.3">Psa 74:3</reference>).

18-20. their end-- future (Psa 37:37, 38), which is dismal and terribly sudden (Pr 1:27; 29:1), aggravated and hastened by terror. As one despises an unsubstantial dream, so God, waking up to judgment (Psa 7:6; 44:23), despises their vain shadow of happiness (Psa 39:6; Is 29:7). They are thrown into ruins as a building falling to pieces (Psa 74:3).


 <hi type="bold">21-22. He confesses how--</hi>

<hi type="bold">foolish--</hi>literally, "stupid," and

<hi type="bold">ignorant--</hi>literally, "not discerning," had been his course of thought.

21-22. He confesses how-- foolish-- literally, "stupid," and ignorant-- literally, "not discerning," had been his course of thought.


23. Still he was with God, as a dependent beneficiary, and so kept from falling (<reference osisRef="Ps.73.2">Psa 73:2</reference>).

23. Still he was with God, as a dependent beneficiary, and so kept from falling (Psa 73:2).


24. All doubts are silenced in confidence of divine guidance and future glory.

<hi type="bold">receive me to glory--</hi>literally, "take for (me) glory" (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.68.18">Psa 68:18</reference>; <reference osisRef="Eph.4.8">Ep 4:8</reference>).

24. All doubts are silenced in confidence of divine guidance and future glory. receive me to glory-- literally, "take for (me) glory" (compare Psa 68:18; Ep 4:8).


25-26. God is his only satisfying good.


27-28. The lot of apostates, described by a figure of frequent use (<reference osisRef="Jer.3.1">Jr 3:1</reference>, <reference osisRef="Jer.3.3">3</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ezek.23.35">Eze 23:35</reference>), is contrasted with his, who finds happiness in nearness to God (<reference osisRef="Jas.4.8">Jas 4:8</reference>), and his delightful work the declaration of His praise. <chapter eID="Ps.73"/>

27-28. The lot of apostates, described by a figure of frequent use (Jr 3:1, 3; Eze 23:35), is contrasted with his, who finds happiness in nearness to God (Jas 4:8), and his delightful work the declaration of His praise.


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 74</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.74.1-Ps.74.23">Psa 74:1-23</reference>. If the historical allusions of <reference osisRef="Ps.74.6-Ps.74.8">Psa 74:6-8</reference>, &c., be referred, as is probable, to the period of the captivity, the author was probably a descendant and namesake of Asaph, David's contemporary and singer (compare <reference osisRef="2Chr.35.15">2Ch 35:15</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ezra.2.41">Ezr 2:41</reference>). He complains of God's desertion of His Church, and appeals for aid, encouraging himself by recounting some of God's mighty deeds, and urges his prayer on the ground of God's covenant relation to His people, and the wickedness of His and their common enemy.</title>

<hi type="bold">1. cast ... off--</hi>with abhorrence (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.43.2">Psa 43:2</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.44.9">44:9</reference>). There is no disavowal of guilt implied. The figure of fire to denote God's anger is often used; and here, and in <reference osisRef="Deut.29.20">De 29:20</reference>, by the word "smoke," suggests its continuance.

<hi type="bold">sheep ... pasture--</hi>(Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.80.1">Psa 80:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.95.7">95:7</reference>).

PSALM 74 Psa 74:1-23. If the historical allusions of Psa 74:6-8, &c., be referred, as is probable, to the period of the captivity, the author was probably a descendant and namesake of Asaph, David's contemporary and singer (compare 2Ch 35:15; Ezr 2:41). He complains of God's desertion of His Church, and appeals for aid, encouraging himself by recounting some of God's mighty deeds, and urges his prayer on the ground of God's covenant relation to His people, and the wickedness of His and their common enemy. 1. cast... off-- with abhorrence (compare Psa 43:2; 44:9). There is no disavowal of guilt implied. The figure of fire to denote God's anger is often used; and here, and in De 29:20, by the word "smoke," suggests its continuance. sheep... pasture-- (Compare Psa 80:1; 95:7).


2. The terms to denote God's relation to His people increase in force: <hi type="bold">"congregation"--</hi>"purchased"--"redeemed"--"Zion," His dwelling.

2. The terms to denote God's relation to His people increase in force: "congregation"-- "purchased"--"redeemed"--"Zion," His dwelling.


<hi type="bold">3. Lift ... feet--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Gen.29.1">Ge 29:1</reference>)--that is, Come (to behold) the desolations (<reference osisRef="Ps.73.19">Psa 73:19</reference>).

3. Lift... feet-- (Ge 29:1)--that is, Come (to behold) the desolations (Psa 73:19).


<hi type="bold">4. roar--</hi>with bestial fury.

<hi type="bold">congregations--</hi>literally, "worshipping assemblies."

<hi type="bold">ensigns--</hi>literally, "signs"--substituted their idolatrous objects, or tokens of authority, for those articles of the temple which denoted God's presence.

4. roar-- with bestial fury. congregations-- literally, "worshipping assemblies." ensigns-- literally, "signs"--substituted their idolatrous objects, or tokens of authority, for those articles of the temple which denoted God's presence.


5-6. Though some terms and clauses here are very obscure, the general sense is that the spoilers destroyed the beauties of the temple with the violence of woodmen.

<hi type="bold">was famous--</hi>literally, "was known."

5-6. Though some terms and clauses here are very obscure, the general sense is that the spoilers destroyed the beauties of the temple with the violence of woodmen. was famous-- literally, "was known."


<hi type="bold">7. defiled--</hi>or, "profaned," as in <reference osisRef="Ps.89.39">Psa 89:39</reference>.

7. defiled-- or, "profaned," as in Psa 89:39.


<hi type="bold">8. together--</hi>at once, all alike.

<hi type="bold">synagogues--</hi>literally, "assemblies," for places of assembly, whether such as schools of the prophets (<reference osisRef="2Kgs.4.23">2Ki 4:23</reference>), or "synagogues" in the usual sense, there is much doubt.

8. together-- at once, all alike. synagogues-- literally, "assemblies," for places of assembly, whether such as schools of the prophets (2Ki 4:23), or "synagogues" in the usual sense, there is much doubt.


<hi type="bold">9. signs--</hi>of God's presence, as altar, ark, &c. (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.74.4">Psa 74:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="2Chr.36.18">2Ch 36:18</reference>, <reference osisRef="2Chr.36.19">19</reference>; <reference osisRef="Dan.5.2">Da 5:2</reference>).

<hi type="bold">no more any prophet--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Isa.3.2">Is 3:2</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jer.40.1">Jr 40:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jer.43.6">43:6</reference>).

<hi type="bold">how long--</hi>this is to last. Jeremiah's prophecy (<reference osisRef="Jer.25.11">Jr 25:11</reference>), if published, may not have been generally known or understood. To the bulk of the people, during the captivity, the occasional and local prophetical services of Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel would not make an exception to the clause, "there is no more any prophet."

9. signs-- of God's presence, as altar, ark, &c. (compare Psa 74:4; 2Ch 36:18, 19; Da 5:2). no more any prophet-- (Is 3:2; Jr 40:1; 43:6). how long-- this is to last. Jeremiah's prophecy (Jr 25:11), if published, may not have been generally known or understood. To the bulk of the people, during the captivity, the occasional and local prophetical services of Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel would not make an exception to the clause, "there is no more any prophet."


10. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.31.1">Psa 31:1</reference>).

<hi type="bold">how long ... reproach?--</hi>us, as deserted of God.

<hi type="bold">blaspheme thy name--</hi>or, "perfections," as power, goodness, &c. (<reference osisRef="Ps.29.2">Psa 29:2</reference>).

10. (Compare Psa 31:1). how long... reproach?-- us, as deserted of God. blaspheme thy name-- or, "perfections," as power, goodness, &c. (Psa 29:2).


11. Why cease to help us? (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.3.7">Psa 3:7</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.7.6">7:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.60.5">60:5</reference>).

11. Why cease to help us? (Compare Psa 3:7; 7:6; 60:5).


<hi type="bold">12. For--</hi>literally, "And," in an adversative sense.

12. For-- literally, "And," in an adversative sense.


13-15. Examples of the "salvation wrought" are cited.

<hi type="bold">divide the sea--</hi>that is, Red Sea.

<hi type="bold">brakest ... waters--</hi>Pharaoh and his host (compare <reference osisRef="Isa.51.9">Is 51:9</reference>, <reference osisRef="Isa.51.10">10</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ezek.29.3">Eze 29:3</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ezek.29.4">4</reference>).

13-15. Examples of the "salvation wrought" are cited. divide the sea-- that is, Red Sea. brakest... waters-- Pharaoh and his host (compare Is 51:9, 10; Eze 29:3, 4).


16-17. The fixed orders of nature and bounds of earth are of God.


<hi type="bold">18. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.74.10">Psa 74:10</reference>; <reference osisRef="Deut.32.6">De 32:6</reference>). The contrast is striking--</hi>that such a God should be thus insulted!

18. (Compare Psa 74:10; De 32:6). The contrast is striking-- that such a God should be thus insulted!


<hi type="bold">19. multitude--</hi>literally, "beast," their flock or company of men (<reference osisRef="Ps.68.10">Psa 68:10</reference>).

<hi type="bold">turtledove--</hi>that is, the meek and lonely Church.

<hi type="bold">congregation--</hi>literally, "the company," as above--thus the Church is represented as the spoiled and defeated remnant of an army, exposed to violence.

19. multitude-- literally, "beast," their flock or company of men (Psa 68:10). turtledove-- that is, the meek and lonely Church. congregation-- literally, "the company," as above--thus the Church is represented as the spoiled and defeated remnant of an army, exposed to violence.


20. And the prevalence of injustice in heathen lands is a reason for invoking God's regard to His promise (compare <reference osisRef="Num.14.21">Nu 14:21</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.7.16">Psa 7:16</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.18.48">18:48</reference>).

20. And the prevalence of injustice in heathen lands is a reason for invoking God's regard to His promise (compare Nu 14:21; Psa 7:16; 18:48).


<hi type="bold">21. oppressed--</hi>broken (<reference osisRef="Ps.9.9">Psa 9:9</reference>).

<hi type="bold">return--</hi>from seeking God.

<hi type="bold">ashamed--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Ps.35.4">Psa 35:4</reference>).

21. oppressed-- broken (Psa 9:9). return-- from seeking God. ashamed-- (Psa 35:4).


22-23. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.3.7">Psa 3:7</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.7.6">7:6</reference>). God hears the wicked to their own ruin (<reference osisRef="Gen.4.10">Ge 4:10</reference>; <reference osisRef="Gen.18.20">18:20</reference>). <chapter eID="Ps.74"/>

22-23. (Compare Psa 3:7; 7:6). God hears the wicked to their own ruin (Ge 4:10; 18:20).


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 75</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.75.1-Ps.75.10">Psa 75:1-10</reference>. Al-taschith--(See on <reference osisRef="Ps.57.1">Psa 57:1</reference>, title). In impending danger, the Psalmist, anticipating relief in view of God's righteous government, takes courage and renders praise.</title>

1. God's name or perfections are set forth by His wondrous works.

PSALM 75 Psa 75:1-10. Al-taschith--(See on Psa 57:1, title). In impending danger, the Psalmist, anticipating relief in view of God's righteous government, takes courage and renders praise. 1. God's name or perfections are set forth by His wondrous works.


2-3. These verses express the purpose of God to administer a just government, and in a time of anarchy that He sustains the nation. Some apply the words to the Psalmist.

<hi type="bold">receive the congregation--</hi>literally, "take a set time" (<reference osisRef="Ps.102.13">Psa 102:13</reference>; <reference osisRef="Hos.2.3">Ho 2:3</reference>), or an assembly at a set time--that is, for judging.

2-3. These verses express the purpose of God to administer a just government, and in a time of anarchy that He sustains the nation. Some apply the words to the Psalmist. receive the congregation-- literally, "take a set time" (Psa 102:13; Ho 2:3), or an assembly at a set time--that is, for judging.


4-8. Here the writer speaks in view of God's declaration, warning the wicked.

<hi type="bold">Lift ... up the horn--</hi>to exalt power, here, of the wicked himself--that is, to be arrogant or self-elated.

4-8. Here the writer speaks in view of God's declaration, warning the wicked. Lift... up the horn-- to exalt power, here, of the wicked himself--that is, to be arrogant or self-elated.


9-10. Contrasted is the lot of the pious who will praise God, and, acting under His direction, will destroy the power of the wicked, and exalt that of the righteous. <chapter eID="Ps.75"/>


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 76</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.76.1-Ps.76.12">Psa 76:1-12</reference>. On Neginoth--(See on <reference osisRef="Ps.4.1">Psa 4:1</reference>, title). This Psalm commemorates what the preceding anticipates: God's deliverance of His people by a signal interposition of power against their enemies. The occasion was probably the events narrated in <reference osisRef="2Kgs.19.35">2Ki 19:35</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.37.1-Isa.37.28">Is 37:1-28</reference>. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.46.1-Ps.46.11">Psa 46:1-11</reference>).</title>

1-2. These well-known terms denote God's people and Church and His intimate and glorious relations to them.

PSALM 76 Psa 76:1-12. On Neginoth--(See on Psa 4:1, title). This Psalm commemorates what the preceding anticipates: God's deliverance of His people by a signal interposition of power against their enemies. The occasion was probably the events narrated in 2Ki 19:35; Is 37:1-28. (Compare Psa 46:1-11). 1-2. These well-known terms denote God's people and Church and His intimate and glorious relations to them.


<hi type="bold">3. brake ... the arrows--</hi>literally, "thunderbolts" (<reference osisRef="Ps.78.48">Psa 78:48</reference>), from their rapid flight or ignition (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.18.14">Psa 18:14</reference>; <reference osisRef="Eph.6.16">Ep 6:16</reference>).

<hi type="bold">the battle--</hi>for arms (<reference osisRef="Hos.2.18">Ho 2:18</reference>).

3. brake... the arrows-- literally, "thunderbolts" (Psa 78:48), from their rapid flight or ignition (compare Psa 18:14; Ep 6:16). the battle-- for arms (Ho 2:18).


<hi type="bold">4. Thou--</hi>God.

<hi type="bold">mountains of prey--</hi>great victorious nations, as Assyria (<reference osisRef="Isa.41.15">Is 41:15</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ezek.38.11">Eze 38:11</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ezek.38.12">12</reference>; <reference osisRef="Zech.4.7">Zec 4:7</reference>).

4. Thou-- God. mountains of prey-- great victorious nations, as Assyria (Is 41:15; Eze 38:11, 12; Zec 4:7).


<hi type="bold">5. slept their sleep--</hi>died (<reference osisRef="Ps.13.3">Psa 13:3</reference>).

<hi type="bold">none ... found ... hands--</hi>are powerless.

5. slept their sleep-- died (Psa 13:3). none... found... hands-- are powerless.


<hi type="bold">6. chariot and horse--</hi>for those fighting on them (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.68.17">Psa 68:17</reference>).

6. chariot and horse-- for those fighting on them (compare Psa 68:17).


<hi type="bold">7. may ... sight--</hi>contend with Thee (<reference osisRef="Deut.9.4">De 9:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Josh.7.12">Jos 7:12</reference>).

7. may... sight-- contend with Thee (De 9:4; Jos 7:12).


8-9. God's judgment on the wicked is His people's deliverance (<reference osisRef="Ps.9.12">Psa 9:12</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.10.7">10:7</reference>).

8-9. God's judgment on the wicked is His people's deliverance (Psa 9:12; 10:7).


10. Man's wrath praises God by its futility before His power.

<hi type="bold">restrain--</hi>or, "gird"; that is, Thyself, as with a sword, with which to destroy, or as an ornament to Thy praise.

10. Man's wrath praises God by its futility before His power. restrain-- or, "gird"; that is, Thyself, as with a sword, with which to destroy, or as an ornament to Thy praise.


11-12. Invite homage to such a God (<reference osisRef="2Chr.32.23">2Ch 32:23</reference>), who can stop the breath of kings and princes when He wills (<reference osisRef="Dan.5.23">Da 5:23</reference>). <chapter eID="Ps.76"/>

11-12. Invite homage to such a God (2Ch 32:23), who can stop the breath of kings and princes when He wills (Da 5:23).


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 77</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.77.1-Ps.77.20">Psa 77:1-20</reference>. To Jeduthun--(See on <reference osisRef="Ps.39.1">Psa 39:1</reference>, title). In a time of great affliction, when ready to despair, the Psalmist derives relief from calling to mind God's former and wonderful works of delivering power and grace.</title>

1. expresses the purport of the Psalm.

PSALM 77 Psa 77:1-20. To Jeduthun--(See on Psa 39:1, title). In a time of great affliction, when ready to despair, the Psalmist derives relief from calling to mind God's former and wonderful works of delivering power and grace. 1. expresses the purport of the Psalm.


2. his importunacy.

<hi type="bold">my sore ran ... night--</hi>literally, "my hand was spread," or, "stretched out" (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.44.20">Psa 44:20</reference>).

<hi type="bold">ceased not--</hi>literally, "grew not numb," or, "feeble" (<reference osisRef="Gen.45.26">Ge 45:26</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.38.8">Psa 38:8</reference>).

<hi type="bold">my soul ... comforted--</hi>(compare <reference osisRef="Gen.37.35">Ge 37:35</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jer.31.15">Jr 31:15</reference>).

2. his importunacy. my sore ran... night-- literally, "my hand was spread," or, "stretched out" (compare Psa 44:20). ceased not-- literally, "grew not numb," or, "feeble" (Ge 45:26; Psa 38:8). my soul... comforted-- (compare Ge 37:35; Jr 31:15).


3-9. His sad state contrasted with former joys.

<hi type="bold">was troubled--</hi>literally, "violently agitated," or disquieted (<reference osisRef="Ps.39.6">Psa 39:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.41.5">41:5</reference>).

<hi type="bold">my spirit was overwhelmed--</hi>or, "fainted" (<reference osisRef="Ps.107.5">Psa 107:5</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jonah.2.7">Jon 2:7</reference>).

3-9. His sad state contrasted with former joys. was troubled-- literally, "violently agitated," or disquieted (Psa 39:6; 41:5). my spirit was overwhelmed-- or, "fainted" (Psa 107:5; Jon 2:7).


<hi type="bold">10. Omitting the supplied words, we may read, "This is my affliction--</hi>the years of," &c., "years" being taken as parallel to affliction (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.90.15">Psa 90:15</reference>), as of God's ordering.

10. Omitting the supplied words, we may read, "This is my affliction-- the years of," &c., "years" being taken as parallel to affliction (compare Psa 90:15), as of God's ordering.


11-12. He finds relief in contrasting God's former deliverances. Shall we receive good at His hands, and not evil? Both are orderings of unerring mercy and unfailing love.


<hi type="bold">13. Thy way ... in the sanctuary--</hi>God's ways of grace and providence (<reference osisRef="Ps.22.3">Psa 22:3</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.67.2">67:2</reference>), ordered on holy principles, as developed in His worship; or implied in His perfections, if "holiness" be used for "sanctuary," as some prefer translating (compare <reference osisRef="Exod.15.11">Ex 15:11</reference>).

13. Thy way... in the sanctuary-- God's ways of grace and providence (Psa 22:3; 67:2), ordered on holy principles, as developed in His worship; or implied in His perfections, if "holiness" be used for "sanctuary," as some prefer translating (compare Ex 15:11).


14-20. Illustrations of God's power in His special interventions for His people (<reference osisRef="Exod.14.1-Exod.14.31">Ex 14:1-31</reference>), and, in the more common, but sublime, control of nature (<reference osisRef="Ps.22.11-Ps.22.14">Psa 22:11-14</reference>; <reference osisRef="Hab.3.14">Ha 3:14</reference>) which may have attended those miraculous events (<reference osisRef="Exod.14.24">Ex 14:24</reference>).

14-20. Illustrations of God's power in His special interventions for His people (Ex 14:1-31), and, in the more common, but sublime, control of nature (Psa 22:11-14; Ha 3:14) which may have attended those miraculous events (Ex 14:24).


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 78</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.78.1-Ps.78.72">Psa 78:1-72</reference>. This Psalm appears to have been occasioned by the removal of the sanctuary from Shiloh in the tribe of Ephraim to Zion in the tribe of Judah, and the coincident transfer of pre-eminence in Israel from the former to the latter tribe, as clearly evinced by David's settlement as the head of the Church and nation. Though this was the execution of God's purpose, the writer here shows that it also proceeded from the divine judgment on Ephraim, under whose leadership the people had manifested the same sinful and rebellious character which had distinguished their ancestors in Egypt.</title>

<hi type="bold">1. my people ... my law--</hi>the language of a religious teacher (<reference osisRef="Ps.78.2">Psa 78:2</reference>; <reference osisRef="Lam.3.14">La 3:14</reference>; <reference osisRef="Rom.2.16">Ro 2:16</reference>, 27; compare <reference osisRef="Ps.49.4">Psa 49:4</reference>). The history which follows was a "dark saying," or riddle, if left unexplained, and its right apprehension required wisdom and attention.

PSALM 78 Psa 78:1-72. This Psalm appears to have been occasioned by the removal of the sanctuary from Shiloh in the tribe of Ephraim to Zion in the tribe of Judah, and the coincident transfer of pre-eminence in Israel from the former to the latter tribe, as clearly evinced by David's settlement as the head of the Church and nation. Though this was the execution of God's purpose, the writer here shows that it also proceeded from the divine judgment on Ephraim, under whose leadership the people had manifested the same sinful and rebellious character which had distinguished their ancestors in Egypt. 1. my people... my law-- the language of a religious teacher (Psa 78:2; La 3:14; Ro 2:16, 27; compare Psa 49:4). The history which follows was a "dark saying," or riddle, if left unexplained, and its right apprehension required wisdom and attention.


3-8. This history had been handed down (<reference osisRef="Exod.12.14">Ex 12:14</reference>; <reference osisRef="Deut.6.20">De 6:20</reference>) for God's honor, and that the principles of His law might be known and observed by posterity. This important sentiment is reiterated in (<reference osisRef="Ps.78.7">Psa 78:7</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ps.78.8">8</reference>) negative form.

3-8. This history had been handed down (Ex 12:14; De 6:20) for God's honor, and that the principles of His law might be known and observed by posterity. This important sentiment is reiterated in (Psa 78:7, 8) negative form.


9-11. The privileges of the first-born which belonged to Joseph (<reference osisRef="1Chr.5.1">1Ch 5:1</reference>, <reference osisRef="2Cor.5.2">2</reference>) were assigned to Ephraim by Jacob (<reference osisRef="Gen.48.1">Ge 48:1</reference>). The supremacy of the tribe thus intimated was recognized by its position (in the marching of the nation to Canaan) next to the ark (<reference osisRef="Num.2.18-Num.2.24">Nu 2:18-24</reference>), by the selection of the first permanent locality for the ark within its borders at Shiloh, and by the extensive and fertile province given for its possession. Traces of this prominence remained after the schism under Rehoboam, in the use, by later writers, of Ephraim for Israel (compare Ho 5:3-14; 11:3-12). Though a strong, well-armed tribe, and, from an early period, emulous and haughty (compare <reference osisRef="Josh.17.14">Jos 17:14</reference>; <reference osisRef="Judg.8.1-Judg.8.3">Jud 8:1-3</reference>; <reference osisRef="2Sam.19.41">2Sa 19:41</reference>), it appears, in this place, that it had rather led the rest in cowardice than courage; and had incurred God's displeasure, because, diffident of His promise, though often heretofore fulfilled, it had failed as a leader to carry out the terms of the covenant, by not driving out the heathen (<reference osisRef="Exod.23.24">Ex 23:24</reference>; <reference osisRef="Deut.31.16">De 31:16</reference>; <reference osisRef="2Kgs.17.15">2Ki 17:15</reference>).

9-11. The privileges of the first-born which belonged to Joseph (1Ch 5:1, 2) were assigned to Ephraim by Jacob (Ge 48:1). The supremacy of the tribe thus intimated was recognized by its position (in the marching of the nation to Canaan) next to the ark (Nu 2:18-24), by the selection of the first permanent locality for the ark within its borders at Shiloh, and by the extensive and fertile province given for its possession. Traces of this prominence remained after the schism under Rehoboam, in the use, by later writers, of Ephraim for Israel (compare Ho 5:3-14; 11:3-12). Though a strong, well-armed tribe, and, from an early period, emulous and haughty (compare Jos 17:14; Jud 8:1-3; 2Sa 19:41), it appears, in this place, that it had rather led the rest in cowardice than courage; and had incurred God's displeasure, because, diffident of His promise, though often heretofore fulfilled, it had failed as a leader to carry out the terms of the covenant, by not driving out the heathen (Ex 23:24; De 31:16; 2Ki 17:15).


12-14. A record of God's dealings and the sins of the people is now made. The writer gives the history from the exode to the retreat from Kadesh; then contrasts their sins with their reasons for confidence, shown by a detail of God's dealings in Egypt, and presents a summary of the subsequent history to David's time.

<hi type="bold">Zoan--</hi>for Egypt, as its ancient capital (<reference osisRef="Num.13.22">Nu 13:22</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.19.11">Is 19:11</reference>).

12-14. A record of God's dealings and the sins of the people is now made. The writer gives the history from the exode to the retreat from Kadesh; then contrasts their sins with their reasons for confidence, shown by a detail of God's dealings in Egypt, and presents a summary of the subsequent history to David's time. Zoan-- for Egypt, as its ancient capital (Nu 13:22; Is 19:11).


15-16. There were two similar miracles (<reference osisRef="Exod.17.6">Ex 17:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Num.20.11">Nu 20:11</reference>).

<hi type="bold">great depths--</hi>and--rivers--denote abundance.

15-16. There were two similar miracles (Ex 17:6; Nu 20:11). great depths-- and--rivers--denote abundance.


<hi type="bold">17-20. yet more--</hi>literally, "added to sin," instead of being led to repentance (<reference osisRef="Rom.2.4">Ro 2:4</reference>).

17-20. yet more-- literally, "added to sin," instead of being led to repentance (Ro 2:4).


<hi type="bold">21. fire--</hi>the effect of the "anger" (<reference osisRef="Num.11.1">Nu 11:1</reference>).

21. fire-- the effect of the "anger" (Nu 11:1).


22. (Compare <reference osisRef="Heb.8.8">He 8:8</reference>, <reference osisRef="Heb.8.9">9</reference>).

22. (Compare He 8:8, 9).


23-29. (Compare <reference osisRef="Exod.16.11-Exod.16.15">Ex 16:11-15</reference>; <reference osisRef="Num.11.4-Num.11.9">Nu 11:4-9</reference>).

23-29. (Compare Ex 16:11-15; Nu 11:4-9).


<hi type="bold">30-31. not estranged ... lust--</hi>or, "desire"--that is, were indulging it.

30-31. not estranged... lust-- or, "desire"--that is, were indulging it.


33-39. Though there were partial reformations after chastisement, and God, in pity, withdrew His hand for a time, yet their general conduct was rebellious, and He was thus provoked to waste and destroy them, by long and fruitless wandering in the desert.


40-41. There were ten temptations (<reference osisRef="Num.14.22">Nu 14:22</reference>).

40-41. There were ten temptations (Nu 14:22).


<hi type="bold">43. wrought--</hi>set or held forth.

43. wrought-- set or held forth.


45. The dog-fly or the mosquito.


<hi type="bold">46. caterpillar--</hi>the Hebrew name, from its voracity, and that of--

<hi type="bold">locust--</hi>from its multitude.

46. caterpillar-- the Hebrew name, from its voracity, and that of-- locust-- from its multitude.


47-48. The additional effects of the storm here mentioned (compare <reference osisRef="Exod.9.23-Exod.9.34">Ex 9:23-34</reference>) are consistent with Moses' account.

47-48. The additional effects of the storm here mentioned (compare Ex 9:23-34) are consistent with Moses' account.


<hi type="bold">49. evil angels--</hi>or, "angels of evil"--many were perhaps employed, and other evils inflicted.

49. evil angels-- or, "angels of evil"--many were perhaps employed, and other evils inflicted.


<hi type="bold">50-51. made a way--</hi>removed obstacles, gave it full scope.

50-51. made a way-- removed obstacles, gave it full scope.


<hi type="bold">52-54. made his ... forth--</hi>or, brought them by periodical journeys (compare <reference osisRef="Exod.15.1">Ex 15:1</reference>).

52-54. made his... forth-- or, brought them by periodical journeys (compare Ex 15:1).


<hi type="bold">55. by line--</hi>or, the portion thus measured.

<hi type="bold">divided them--</hi>that is, the heathen, put for their possessions, so tents--that is, of the heathen (compare <reference osisRef="Deut.6.11">De 6:11</reference>).

55. by line-- or, the portion thus measured. divided them-- that is, the heathen, put for their possessions, so tents--that is, of the heathen (compare De 6:11).


<hi type="bold">56-57. a deceitful bow--</hi>which turns back, and so fails to project the arrow (<reference osisRef="2Sam.1.22">2Sa 1:22</reference>; <reference osisRef="Hos.7.16">Ho 7:16</reference>). They relapsed.

56-57. a deceitful bow-- which turns back, and so fails to project the arrow (2Sa 1:22; Ho 7:16). They relapsed.


58. Idolatry resulted from sparing the heathen (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.78.9-Ps.78.11">Psa 78:9-11</reference>).

58. Idolatry resulted from sparing the heathen (compare Psa 78:9-11).


<hi type="bold">59-60. heard--</hi>perceived (<reference osisRef="Gen.11.7">Ge 11:7</reference>).

<hi type="bold">abhorred--</hi>but not utterly.

59-60. heard-- perceived (Ge 11:7). abhorred-- but not utterly.


<hi type="bold">61. his strength--</hi>the ark, as symbolical of it (<reference osisRef="Ps.96.6">Psa 96:6</reference>).

61. his strength-- the ark, as symbolical of it (Psa 96:6).


<hi type="bold">62. gave--</hi>or, "shut up."

<hi type="bold">his people--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Ps.78.48">Psa 78:48</reference>; <reference osisRef="1Sam.4.10-1Sam.4.17">1Sa 4:10-17</reference>).

62. gave-- or, "shut up." his people-- (Psa 78:48; 1Sa 4:10-17).


<hi type="bold">63. fire--</hi>either figure of the slaughter (<reference osisRef="1Sam.4.10">1Sa 4:10</reference>), or a literal burning by the heathen.

<hi type="bold">given to marriage--</hi>literally, "praised"--that is, as brides.

63. fire-- either figure of the slaughter (1Sa 4:10), or a literal burning by the heathen. given to marriage-- literally, "praised"--that is, as brides.


64. (Compare <reference osisRef="1Sam.4.17">1Sa 4:17</reference>); and there were, doubtless, others.

<hi type="bold">made no lamentation--</hi>either because stupefied by grief, or hindered by the enemy.

64. (Compare 1Sa 4:17); and there were, doubtless, others. made no lamentation-- either because stupefied by grief, or hindered by the enemy.


65. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.22.16">Psa 22:16</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.42.13">Is 42:13</reference>).

65. (Compare Psa 22:16; Is 42:13).


<hi type="bold">66. And he smote ... part--</hi>or, "struck His enemies' back." The Philistines never regained their position after their defeats by David.

66. And he smote... part-- or, "struck His enemies' back." The Philistines never regained their position after their defeats by David.


<hi type="bold">67-68. tabernacle of Joseph--</hi>or, "home," or, "tribe," to which--

<hi type="bold">tribe of Ephraim--</hi>is parallel (compare <reference osisRef="Rev.7.8">Re 7:8</reference>). Its pre-eminence was, like Saul's, only permitted. Judah had been the choice (<reference osisRef="Gen.49.10">Ge 49:10</reference>).

67-68. tabernacle of Joseph-- or, "home," or, "tribe," to which-- tribe of Ephraim-- is parallel (compare Re 7:8). Its pre-eminence was, like Saul's, only permitted. Judah had been the choice (Ge 49:10).


 <hi type="bold">69. Exalted as--</hi>

<hi type="bold">high palaces--</hi>or, "mountains," and abiding as--the earth.

69. Exalted as-- high palaces-- or, "mountains," and abiding as--the earth.


<hi type="bold">70-72. God's sovereignty was illustrated in this choice. The contrast is striking--</hi>humility and exaltation--and the correspondence is beautiful.

70-72. God's sovereignty was illustrated in this choice. The contrast is striking-- humility and exaltation--and the correspondence is beautiful.


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 79</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.79.1-Ps.79.13">Psa 79:1-13</reference>. This Psalm, like the seventy-fourth, probably depicts the desolations of the Chaldeans (<reference osisRef="Jer.52.12-Jer.52.24">Jr 52:12-24</reference>). It comprises the usual complaint, prayer, and promised thanks for relief.</title>

1. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.74.2-Ps.74.7">Psa 74:2-7</reference>).

PSALM 79 Psa 79:1-13. This Psalm, like the seventy-fourth, probably depicts the desolations of the Chaldeans (Jr 52:12-24). It comprises the usual complaint, prayer, and promised thanks for relief. 1. (Compare Psa 74:2-7).


2-3. (Compare <reference osisRef="Jer.15.3">Jr 15:3</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jer.16.4">16:4</reference>).

2-3. (Compare Jr 15:3; 16:4).


4. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.44.13">Psa 44:13</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jer.42.18">Jr 42:18</reference>; <reference osisRef="Lam.2.15">La 2:15</reference>).

4. (Compare Psa 44:13; Jr 42:18; La 2:15).


<hi type="bold">5. How long--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Ps.13.1">Psa 13:1</reference>).

<hi type="bold">be angry--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Ps.74.1-Ps.74.10">Psa 74:1-10</reference>).

<hi type="bold">jealousy burn--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Deut.29.20">De 29:20</reference>).

5. How long-- (Psa 13:1). be angry-- (Psa 74:1-10). jealousy burn-- (De 29:20).


6-7. (Compare <reference osisRef="Jer.10.25">Jr 10:25</reference>). Though we deserve much, do not the heathen deserve more for their violence to us (<reference osisRef="Jer.51.3-Jer.51.5">Jr 51:3-5</reference>; <reference osisRef="Zech.1.14">Zec 1:14</reference>)? The singular denotes the chief power, and the use of the plural indicates the combined confederates.

<hi type="bold">called upon--</hi>or, "by"

<hi type="bold">thy name--</hi>proclaimed Thy attributes and professed allegiance (<reference osisRef="Isa.12.4">Is 12:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Acts.2.21">Ac 2:21</reference>).

6-7. (Compare Jr 10:25). Though we deserve much, do not the heathen deserve more for their violence to us (Jr 51:3-5; Zec 1:14)? The singular denotes the chief power, and the use of the plural indicates the combined confederates. called upon-- or, "by" thy name-- proclaimed Thy attributes and professed allegiance (Is 12:4; Ac 2:21).


<hi type="bold">8. former iniquities--</hi>literally, "iniquities of former times."

<hi type="bold">prevent us--</hi>literally, "meet us," as in <reference osisRef="Ps.21.3">Psa 21:3</reference>.

8. former iniquities-- literally, "iniquities of former times." prevent us-- literally, "meet us," as in Psa 21:3.


<hi type="bold">9. for ... glory of thy name [and for] thy name's sake--</hi>both mean for illustrating Thy attributes, faithfulness, power, &c.

<hi type="bold">purge ... sins--</hi>literally, "provide atonement for us." Deliverance from sin and suffering, for their good and God's glory, often distinguish the prayers of Old Testament saints (compare <reference osisRef="Eph.1.7">Ep 1:7</reference>).

9. for... glory of thy name [and for] thy name's sake-- both mean for illustrating Thy attributes, faithfulness, power, &c. purge... sins-- literally, "provide atonement for us." Deliverance from sin and suffering, for their good and God's glory, often distinguish the prayers of Old Testament saints (compare Ep 1:7).


10. This ground of pleading often used (<reference osisRef="Exod.32.12">Ex 32:12</reference>; <reference osisRef="Num.14.13-Num.14.16">Nu 14:13-16</reference>).

<hi type="bold">blood ... shed--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Ps.79.3">Psa 79:3</reference>).

10. This ground of pleading often used (Ex 32:12; Nu 14:13-16). blood... shed-- (Psa 79:3).


<hi type="bold">11. prisoner--</hi>the whole captive people.

<hi type="bold">power--</hi>literally, "arm" (<reference osisRef="Ps.10.15">Psa 10:15</reference>).

11. prisoner-- the whole captive people. power-- literally, "arm" (Psa 10:15).


<hi type="bold">12. into their bosom--</hi>The lap or folds of the dress is used by Eastern people for receiving articles. The figure denotes retaliation (compare <reference osisRef="Isa.65.6">Is 65:6</reference>, <reference osisRef="Isa.65.7">7</reference>). They reproached God as well as His people.

12. into their bosom-- The lap or folds of the dress is used by Eastern people for receiving articles. The figure denotes retaliation (compare Is 65:6, 7). They reproached God as well as His people.


<hi type="bold">13. sheep ... pasture--</hi>(Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.74.1">Psa 74:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.78.70">78:70</reference>). <chapter eID="Ps.79"/>

13. sheep... pasture-- (Compare Psa 74:1; 78:70).


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 80</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.80.1-Ps.80.19">Psa 80:1-19</reference>. Shoshannim--"Lilies" (see on <reference osisRef="Ps.45.1">Psa 45:1</reference>, title). Eduth--Testimony, referring to the topic as a testimony of God to His people (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.19.7">Psa 19:7</reference>). This Psalm probably relates to the captivity of the ten tribes, as the former to that of Judah. Its complaint is aggravated by the contrast of former prosperity, and the prayer for relief occurs as a refrain through the Psalm.</title>

<hi type="bold">1-2. Joseph--</hi>for Ephraim (<reference osisRef="1Chr.7.20-1Chr.7.29">1Ch 7:20-29</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.78.67">Psa 78:67</reference>; <reference osisRef="Rev.7.8">Re 7:8</reference>), for Israel.

<hi type="bold">Shepherd--</hi>(Compare <reference osisRef="Gen.49.24">Ge 49:24</reference>).

<hi type="bold">leadest, &c.--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Ps.77.20">Psa 77:20</reference>).

<hi type="bold">dwellest ... cherubim--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Exod.25.20">Ex 25:20</reference>); the place of God's visible glory, whence He communed with the people (<reference osisRef="Heb.9.5">He 9:5</reference>).

<hi type="bold">shine forth--</hi>appear (<reference osisRef="Ps.50.2">Psa 50:2</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.94.1">94:1</reference>).

PSALM 80 Psa 80:1-19. Shoshannim--"Lilies" (see on Psa 45:1, title). Eduth--Testimony, referring to the topic as a testimony of God to His people (compare Psa 19:7). This Psalm probably relates to the captivity of the ten tribes, as the former to that of Judah. Its complaint is aggravated by the contrast of former prosperity, and the prayer for relief occurs as a refrain through the Psalm. 1-2. Joseph-- for Ephraim (1Ch 7:20-29; Psa 78:67; Re 7:8), for Israel. Shepherd-- (Compare Ge 49:24). leadest, &c.-- (Psa 77:20). dwellest... cherubim-- (Ex 25:20); the place of God's visible glory, whence He communed with the people (He 9:5). shine forth-- appear (Psa 50:2; 94:1).


<hi type="bold">3. Turn us--</hi>that is, from captivity.

<hi type="bold">thy face to shine--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Num.6.25">Nu 6:25</reference>).

3. Turn us-- that is, from captivity. thy face to shine-- (Nu 6:25).


<hi type="bold">4. be angry--</hi>(Compare Margin.)

4. be angry-- (Compare Margin.)


<hi type="bold">5. bread of tears--</hi>still an Eastern figure for affliction.

5. bread of tears-- still an Eastern figure for affliction.


<hi type="bold">6. strife--</hi>object or cause of (<reference osisRef="Isa.9.11">Is 9:11</reference>). On last clause compare <reference osisRef="Ps.79.4">Psa 79:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ezek.36.4">Eze 36:4</reference>.

6. strife-- object or cause of (Is 9:11). On last clause compare Psa 79:4; Eze 36:4.


<hi type="bold">8-11. brought--</hi>or, "plucked up," as by roots, to be replanted.

<hi type="bold">a vine--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Ps.78.47">Psa 78:47</reference>). The figure (<reference osisRef="Isa.16.8">Is 16:8</reference>) represents the flourishing state of Israel, as predicted (<reference osisRef="Gen.28.14">Ge 28:14</reference>), and verified (<reference osisRef="1Kgs.4.20-1Kgs.4.25">1Ki 4:20-25</reference>).

8-11. brought-- or, "plucked up," as by roots, to be replanted. a vine-- (Psa 78:47). The figure (Is 16:8) represents the flourishing state of Israel, as predicted (Ge 28:14), and verified (1Ki 4:20-25).


<hi type="bold">12. hedges--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Isa.5.5">Is 5:5</reference>).

12. hedges-- (Is 5:5).


<hi type="bold">13. The boar--</hi>may represent the ravaging Assyrian and

<hi type="bold">the wild beast--</hi>other heathen.

13. The boar-- may represent the ravaging Assyrian and the wild beast-- other heathen.


<hi type="bold">14-15. visit this vine--</hi>favorably (<reference osisRef="Ps.8.4">Psa 8:4</reference>).

14-15. visit this vine-- favorably (Psa 8:4).


<hi type="bold">16. it--</hi>the "vine" or

<hi type="bold">they--</hi>the "people" are suffering from Thy displeasure.

16. it-- the "vine" or they-- the "people" are suffering from Thy displeasure.


<hi type="bold">17. thy hand ... upon--</hi>that is, strengthen (<reference osisRef="Ezra.7.6">Ezr 7:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ezra.8.22">8:22</reference>).

<hi type="bold">man of ... hand--</hi>may allude to Benjamin (<reference osisRef="Gen.35.18">Ge 35:18</reference>). The terms in the latter clause correspond with those of <reference osisRef="Ps.80.15">Psa 80:15</reference>, from "and the branch," &c., literally, and confirm the exposition given above.

17. thy hand... upon-- that is, strengthen (Ezr 7:6; 8:22). man of... hand-- may allude to Benjamin (Ge 35:18). The terms in the latter clause correspond with those of Psa 80:15, from "and the branch," &c., literally, and confirm the exposition given above.


18. We need quickening grace (<reference osisRef="Ps.71.20">Psa 71:20</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.119.25">119:25</reference>) to persevere in Thy right worship (<reference osisRef="Gen.4.26">Ge 4:26</reference>; <reference osisRef="Rom.10.11">Ro 10:11</reference>).

18. We need quickening grace (Psa 71:20; 119:25) to persevere in Thy right worship (Ge 4:26; Ro 10:11).


19. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.80.3">Psa 80:3</reference>, "O God"; <reference osisRef="Ps.80.7">Psa 80:7</reference>, "O God of hosts"). <chapter eID="Ps.80"/>

19. (Compare Psa 80:3, "O God"; Psa 80:7, "O God of hosts").


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 81</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.81.1-Ps.81.16">Psa 81:1-16</reference>. Gittith--(See on <reference osisRef="Ps.8.1">Psa 8:1</reference>, title). A festal Psalm, probably for the passover (compare <reference osisRef="Matt.26.30">Mt 26:30</reference>), in which, after an exhortation to praise God, He is introduced, reminding Israel of their obligations, chiding their neglect, and depicting the happy results of obedience.</title>

<hi type="bold">1. our strength--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Ps.38.7">Psa 38:7</reference>).

PSALM 81 Psa 81:1-16. Gittith--(See on Psa 8:1, title). A festal Psalm, probably for the passover (compare Mt 26:30), in which, after an exhortation to praise God, He is introduced, reminding Israel of their obligations, chiding their neglect, and depicting the happy results of obedience. 1. our strength-- (Psa 38:7).


2. unites the most joyful kinds of music, vocal and instrumental.


<hi type="bold">3. the new moon--</hi>or the month.

<hi type="bold">the time appointed--</hi>(Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.7.20">Pr 7:20</reference>).

3. the new moon-- or the month. the time appointed-- (Compare Pr 7:20).


<hi type="bold">5. a testimony--</hi>The feasts, especially the passover, attested God's relation to His people.

<hi type="bold">Joseph--</hi>for Israel (<reference osisRef="Ps.80.1">Psa 80:1</reference>).

<hi type="bold">went out through--</hi>or, "over," that is, Israel in the exodus.

<hi type="bold">I heard--</hi>change of person. The writer speaks for the nation.

<hi type="bold">language--</hi>literally, "lip" (<reference osisRef="Ps.14.1">Psa 14:1</reference>). An aggravation or element of their distress that their oppressors were foreigners (<reference osisRef="Deut.28.49">De 28:49</reference>).

5. a testimony-- The feasts, especially the passover, attested God's relation to His people. Joseph-- for Israel (Psa 80:1). went out through-- or, "over," that is, Israel in the exodus. I heard-- change of person. The writer speaks for the nation. language-- literally, "lip" (Psa 14:1). An aggravation or element of their distress that their oppressors were foreigners (De 28:49).


6. God's language alludes to the burdensome slavery of the Israelites.


<hi type="bold">7. secret place--</hi>the cloud from which He troubled the Egyptians (<reference osisRef="Exod.14.24">Ex 14:24</reference>).

<hi type="bold">proved thee--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Ps.7.10">Psa 7:10</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.17.3">17:3</reference>)--tested their faith by the miracle.

7. secret place-- the cloud from which He troubled the Egyptians (Ex 14:24). proved thee-- (Psa 7:10; 17:3)--tested their faith by the miracle.


8. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.50.7">Psa 50:7</reference>). The reproof follows to <reference osisRef="Ps.81.12">Psa 81:12</reference>.

<hi type="bold">if thou wilt hearken--</hi>He then propounds the terms of His covenant: they should worship Him alone, who (<reference osisRef="Ps.81.10">Psa 81:10</reference>) had delivered them, and would still confer all needed blessings.

8. (Compare Psa 50:7). The reproof follows to Psa 81:12. if thou wilt hearken-- He then propounds the terms of His covenant: they should worship Him alone, who (Psa 81:10) had delivered them, and would still confer all needed blessings.


11-12. They failed, and He gave them up to their own desires and hardness of heart (<reference osisRef="Deut.29.18">De 29:18</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.1.30">Pr 1:30</reference>; <reference osisRef="Rom.11.25">Ro 11:25</reference>).

11-12. They failed, and He gave them up to their own desires and hardness of heart (De 29:18; Pr 1:30; Ro 11:25).


13-16. Obedience would have secured all promised blessings and the subjection of foes. In this passage, "should have," "would have," &c., are better, "should" and "would" expressing God's intention at the time, that is, when they left Egypt. <chapter eID="Ps.81"/>


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 82</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.82.1-Ps.82.8">Psa 82:1-8</reference>. Before the great Judge, the judges of the earth are rebuked, exhorted, and threatened.</title>

<hi type="bold">1. congregation--</hi>(Compare <reference osisRef="Exod.12.3">Ex 12:3</reference>; <reference osisRef="Exod.16.1">16:1</reference>).

<hi type="bold">of the mighty--</hi>that is, of God, of His appointment.

<hi type="bold">the gods--</hi>or, "judges" (<reference osisRef="Exod.21.6">Ex 21:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Exod.22.9">22:9</reference>), God's representatives.

PSALM 82 Psa 82:1-8. Before the great Judge, the judges of the earth are rebuked, exhorted, and threatened. 1. congregation-- (Compare Ex 12:3; 16:1). of the mighty-- that is, of God, of His appointment. the gods-- or, "judges" (Ex 21:6; 22:9), God's representatives.


<hi type="bold">2. accept the persons--</hi>literally, "lift up the faces," that is, from dejection, or admit to favor and communion, regardless of merit (<reference osisRef="Lev.19.15">Le 19:15</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.18.5">Pr 18:5</reference>).

2. accept the persons-- literally, "lift up the faces," that is, from dejection, or admit to favor and communion, regardless of merit (Le 19:15; Pr 18:5).


3-4. So must good judges act (<reference osisRef="Ps.10.14">Psa 10:14</reference>; <reference osisRef="Job.29.12">Job 29:12</reference>).

3-4. So must good judges act (Psa 10:14; Job 29:12).


5. By the wilful ignorance and negligence of judges, anarchy ensues (<reference osisRef="Ps.11.3">Psa 11:3</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.75.3">75:3</reference>).

<hi type="bold">out of course--</hi>(Compare Margin; <reference osisRef="Ps.9.6">Psa 9:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.62.2">62:2</reference>).

5. By the wilful ignorance and negligence of judges, anarchy ensues (Psa 11:3; 75:3). out of course-- (Compare Margin; Psa 9:6; 62:2).


6-7. Though God admitted their official dignity (<reference osisRef="John.10.34">Joh 10:34</reference>), He reminds them of their mortality.

6-7. Though God admitted their official dignity (Joh 10:34), He reminds them of their mortality.


8. As rightful sovereign of earth, God is invoked personally to correct the evils of His representatives. <chapter eID="Ps.82"/>


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 83</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.83.1-Ps.83.18">Psa 83:1-18</reference>. Of Asaph--(See on <reference osisRef="Ps.74.1">Psa 74:1</reference>, title). The historical occasion is probably that of <reference osisRef="2Chr.20.1">2Ch 20:1</reference>, 2 (compare Psa 47:1-9; 48:1-14). After a general petition, the craft and rage of the combined enemies are described, God's former dealings recited, and a like summary and speedy destruction on them is invoked.</title>

1. God addressed as indifferent (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.35.22">Psa 35:22</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.39.12">39:12</reference>).

<hi type="bold">be not still--</hi>literally, "not quiet," as opposed to action.

PSALM 83 Psa 83:1-18. Of Asaph--(See on Psa 74:1, title). The historical occasion is probably that of 2Ch 20:1, 2 (compare Psa 47:1-9; 48:1-14). After a general petition, the craft and rage of the combined enemies are described, God's former dealings recited, and a like summary and speedy destruction on them is invoked. 1. God addressed as indifferent (compare Psa 35:22; 39:12). be not still-- literally, "not quiet," as opposed to action.


<hi type="bold">2. thine enemies--</hi>as well as ours (<reference osisRef="Ps.74.23">Psa 74:23</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.37.23">Is 37:23</reference>).

2. thine enemies-- as well as ours (Psa 74:23; Is 37:23).


<hi type="bold">3. hidden ones--</hi>whom God specially protects (<reference osisRef="Ps.27.5">Psa 27:5</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.91.1">91:1</reference>).

3. hidden ones-- whom God specially protects (Psa 27:5; 91:1).


<hi type="bold">4. from being a nation--</hi>utter destruction (<reference osisRef="Isa.7.8">Is 7:8</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.23.1">23:1</reference>).

<hi type="bold">Israel--</hi>here used for Judah, having been the common name.

4. from being a nation-- utter destruction (Is 7:8; 23:1). Israel-- here used for Judah, having been the common name.


<hi type="bold">5. they have consulted--</hi>with heart, or cordially.

<hi type="bold">together--</hi>all alike.

5. they have consulted-- with heart, or cordially. together-- all alike.


<hi type="bold">6-8. tabernacles--</hi>for people (<reference osisRef="Ps.78.67">Psa 78:67</reference>).

<hi type="bold">they--</hi>all these united with the children of Lot, or Ammonites and Moabites (compare <reference osisRef="2Chr.20.1">2Ch 20:1</reference>).

6-8. tabernacles-- for people (Psa 78:67). they-- all these united with the children of Lot, or Ammonites and Moabites (compare 2Ch 20:1).


9-11. Compare the similar fate of these (<reference osisRef="2Chr.20.23">2Ch 20:23</reference>) with that of the foes mentioned in <reference osisRef="Judg.7.22">Jud 7:22</reference>, here referred to. They destroyed one another (Jud 4:6-24; 7:25). Human remains form manure (compare <reference osisRef="2Kgs.9.37">2Ki 9:37</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jer.9.22">Jr 9:22</reference>).

9-11. Compare the similar fate of these (2Ch 20:23) with that of the foes mentioned in Jud 7:22, here referred to. They destroyed one another (Jud 4:6-24; 7:25). Human remains form manure (compare 2Ki 9:37; Jr 9:22).


12. The language of the invaders.

<hi type="bold">houses--</hi>literally, "residences," enclosures, as for flocks (<reference osisRef="Ps.65.12">Psa 65:12</reference>).

<hi type="bold">of God--</hi>as the proprietors of the land (<reference osisRef="2Chr.20.11">2Ch 20:11</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.14.25">Is 14:25</reference>).

12. The language of the invaders. houses-- literally, "residences," enclosures, as for flocks (Psa 65:12). of God-- as the proprietors of the land (2Ch 20:11; Is 14:25).


<hi type="bold">13. like a wheel--</hi>or, whirling of any light thing (<reference osisRef="Isa.17.13">Is 17:13</reference>), as stubble or chaff (<reference osisRef="Ps.1.4">Psa 1:4</reference>).

13. like a wheel-- or, whirling of any light thing (Is 17:13), as stubble or chaff (Psa 1:4).


14-15. Pursue them to an utter destruction.


<hi type="bold">16. that they may seek--</hi>or as <reference osisRef="Ps.83.18">Psa 83:18</reference>, supply "men," since <reference osisRef="Ps.83.17">Psa 83:17</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ps.83.18">18</reference> amplify the sentiment of <reference osisRef="Ps.83.16">Psa 83:16</reference>, expressing more fully the measure of destruction, and the lesson of God's being and perfections (compare <reference osisRef="2Chr.20.29">2Ch 20:29</reference>) taught to all men. <chapter eID="Ps.83"/>

16. that they may seek-- or as Psa 83:18, supply "men," since Psa 83:17, 18 amplify the sentiment of Psa 83:16, expressing more fully the measure of destruction, and the lesson of God's being and perfections (compare 2Ch 20:29) taught to all men.


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 84</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.84.1-Ps.84.12">Psa 84:1-12</reference>. (See on <reference osisRef="Ps.8.1">Psa 8:1</reference>, title, and <reference osisRef="Ps.42.1">Psa 42:1</reference>, title). The writer describes the desirableness of God's worship and prays for a restoration to its privileges.</title>

<hi type="bold">1. amiable--</hi>not lovely, but beloved.

<hi type="bold">tabernacles--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Ps.43.3">Psa 43:3</reference>).

PSALM 84 Psa 84:1-12. (See on Psa 8:1, title, and Psa 42:1, title). The writer describes the desirableness of God's worship and prays for a restoration to its privileges. 1. amiable-- not lovely, but beloved. tabernacles-- (Psa 43:3).


<hi type="bold">2. longeth--</hi>most intensely (<reference osisRef="Gen.31.30">Ge 31:30</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.17.12">Psa 17:12</reference>).

<hi type="bold">fainteth--</hi>exhausted with desire.

<hi type="bold">courts--</hi>as tabernacles (<reference osisRef="Ps.84.1">Psa 84:1</reference>)--the whole building.

<hi type="bold">crieth out--</hi>literally, "sings for joy"; but here, and <reference osisRef="Lam.2.19">La 2:19</reference>, expresses an act of sorrow as the corresponding noun (<reference osisRef="Ps.17.1">Psa 17:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.61.2">61:2</reference>).

<hi type="bold">heart and ... flesh--</hi>as in <reference osisRef="Ps.63.1">Psa 63:1</reference>.

2. longeth-- most intensely (Ge 31:30; Psa 17:12). fainteth-- exhausted with desire. courts-- as tabernacles (Psa 84:1)--the whole building. crieth out-- literally, "sings for joy"; but here, and La 2:19, expresses an act of sorrow as the corresponding noun (Psa 17:1; 61:2). heart and... flesh-- as in Psa 63:1.


<hi type="bold">3. thine altars--</hi>that is, of burnt offering and incense, used for the whole tabernacle. Its structure afforded facilities for sparrows and swallows to indulge their known predilections for such places. Some understand the statement as to the birds as a comparison: "as they find homes, so do I desire thine altars," &c.

3. thine altars-- that is, of burnt offering and incense, used for the whole tabernacle. Its structure afforded facilities for sparrows and swallows to indulge their known predilections for such places. Some understand the statement as to the birds as a comparison: "as they find homes, so do I desire thine altars," &c.


4. This view is favored by the language here, which, as in <reference osisRef="Ps.15.1">Psa 15:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.23.6">23:6</reference>, recognizes the blessing of membership in God's family by terms denoting a dwelling in His house.

4. This view is favored by the language here, which, as in Psa 15:1; 23:6, recognizes the blessing of membership in God's family by terms denoting a dwelling in His house.


5. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.68.28">Psa 68:28</reference>).

<hi type="bold">in whose heart ... the ways--</hi>that is, who knows and loves the way to God's favor (<reference osisRef="Prov.16.17">Pr 16:17</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.40.3">Is 40:3</reference>, <reference osisRef="Isa.40.4">4</reference>).

5. (Compare Psa 68:28). in whose heart... the ways-- that is, who knows and loves the way to God's favor (Pr 16:17; Is 40:3, 4).


<hi type="bold">6. valley of Baca--</hi>or, "weeping." Through such, by reason of their dry and barren condition, the worshippers often had to pass to Jerusalem. As they might become wells, or fountains, or pools, supplied by refreshing rain, so the grace of God, by the exercises of His worship, refreshes and revives the hearts of His people, so that for sorrows they have "rivers of delight" (<reference osisRef="Ps.36.8">Psa 36:8</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.46.4">46:4</reference>).

6. valley of Baca-- or, "weeping." Through such, by reason of their dry and barren condition, the worshippers often had to pass to Jerusalem. As they might become wells, or fountains, or pools, supplied by refreshing rain, so the grace of God, by the exercises of His worship, refreshes and revives the hearts of His people, so that for sorrows they have "rivers of delight" (Psa 36:8; 46:4).


7. The figure of the pilgrim is carried out. As such daily refit their bodily strength till they reach Jerusalem, so the spiritual worshipper is daily supplied with spiritual strength by God's grace till he appears before God in heaven.

<hi type="bold">appeareth ... God--</hi>the terms of the requisition for the attendance on the feasts (compare <reference osisRef="Deut.16.16">De 16:16</reference>),

7. The figure of the pilgrim is carried out. As such daily refit their bodily strength till they reach Jerusalem, so the spiritual worshipper is daily supplied with spiritual strength by God's grace till he appears before God in heaven. appeareth... God-- the terms of the requisition for the attendance on the feasts (compare De 16:16),


9. God is addressed as a shield (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.84.11">Psa 84:11</reference>).

<hi type="bold">thine anointed--</hi>David (<reference osisRef="1Sam.16.12">1Sa 16:12</reference>).

9. God is addressed as a shield (compare Psa 84:11). thine anointed-- David (1Sa 16:12).


<hi type="bold">10. I had ... doorkeeper--</hi>literally, "I choose to sit on the threshold," the meanest place.

10. I had... doorkeeper-- literally, "I choose to sit on the threshold," the meanest place.


11-12. As a sun God enlightens (<reference osisRef="Ps.27.1">Psa 27:1</reference>); as a shield He protects.

<hi type="bold">grace--</hi>God's favor, its fruit--

<hi type="bold">glory--</hi>the honor He bestows.

<hi type="bold">uprightly--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Ps.15.2">Psa 15:2</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.18.23">18:23</reference>).

11-12. As a sun God enlightens (Psa 27:1); as a shield He protects. grace-- God's favor, its fruit-- glory-- the honor He bestows. uprightly-- (Psa 15:2; 18:23).


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 85</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.85.1-Ps.85.13">Psa 85:1-13</reference>. On the ground of former mercies, the Psalmist prays for renewed blessings, and, confidently expecting them, rejoices.</title>

<hi type="bold">1. captivity--</hi>not necessarily the Babylonian, but any great evil (<reference osisRef="Ps.14.7">Psa 14:7</reference>).

PSALM 85 Psa 85:1-13. On the ground of former mercies, the Psalmist prays for renewed blessings, and, confidently expecting them, rejoices. 1. captivity-- not necessarily the Babylonian, but any great evil (Psa 14:7).


2-3. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.32.1-Ps.32.5">Psa 32:1-5</reference>).

2-3. (Compare Psa 32:1-5).


4-7. having still occasion for the anger which is deprecated.


8. He is confident God will favor His penitent people (<reference osisRef="Ps.51.17">Psa 51:17</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.80.18">80:18</reference>).

<hi type="bold">saints--</hi>as in <reference osisRef="Ps.4.3">Psa 4:3</reference>, the "godly."

8. He is confident God will favor His penitent people (Psa 51:17; 80:18). saints-- as in Psa 4:3, the "godly."


9. They are here termed "them that fear him"; and grace produces glory (<reference osisRef="Ps.84.11">Psa 84:11</reference>).

9. They are here termed "them that fear him"; and grace produces glory (Psa 84:11).


10. God's promises of "mercy" will be verified by His "truth" (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.25.10">Psa 25:10</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.40.10">40:10</reference>); and the "work of righteousness" in His holy government shall be "peace" (<reference osisRef="Isa.32.17">Is 32:17</reference>). There is an implied contrast with a dispensation under which God's truth sustains His threatened wrath, and His righteousness inflicts misery on the wicked.

10. God's promises of "mercy" will be verified by His "truth" (compare Psa 25:10; 40:10); and the "work of righteousness" in His holy government shall be "peace" (Is 32:17). There is an implied contrast with a dispensation under which God's truth sustains His threatened wrath, and His righteousness inflicts misery on the wicked.


11. Earth and heaven shall abound with the blessings of this government;


12-13. and, under this, the deserted land shall be productive, and men be "set," or guided in God's holy ways. Doubtless, in this description of God's returning favor, the writer had in view that more glorious period, when Christ shall establish His government on God's reconciled justice and abounding mercy. <chapter eID="Ps.85"/>


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 86</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.86.1-Ps.86.17">Psa 86:1-17</reference>. This is a prayer in which the writer, with deep emotion, mingles petitions and praises, now urgent for help, and now elated with hope, in view of former mercies. The occurrence of many terms and phrases peculiar to David's Psalms clearly intimates its authorship.</title>

<hi type="bold">1-2. poor and needy--</hi>a suffering child of God, as in <reference osisRef="Ps.10.12">Psa 10:12</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ps.10.17">17</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.18.27">18:27</reference>.

<hi type="bold">I am holy--</hi>or, "godly," as in <reference osisRef="Ps.4.3">Psa 4:3</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.85.8">85:8</reference>.

PSALM 86 Psa 86:1-17. This is a prayer in which the writer, with deep emotion, mingles petitions and praises, now urgent for help, and now elated with hope, in view of former mercies. The occurrence of many terms and phrases peculiar to David's Psalms clearly intimates its authorship. 1-2. poor and needy-- a suffering child of God, as in Psa 10:12, 17; 18:27. I am holy-- or, "godly," as in Psa 4:3; 85:8.


<hi type="bold">4. lift up my soul--</hi>with strong desire (<reference osisRef="Ps.25.1">Psa 25:1</reference>).

4. lift up my soul-- with strong desire (Psa 25:1).


<hi type="bold">5-7. unto all ... that call upon thee--</hi>or, "worship Thee" (<reference osisRef="Ps.50.15">Psa 50:15</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.91.15">91:15</reference>) however undeserving (<reference osisRef="Exod.34.6">Ex 34:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Lev.11.9-Lev.11.13">Le 11:9-13</reference>).

5-7. unto all... that call upon thee-- or, "worship Thee" (Psa 50:15; 91:15) however undeserving (Ex 34:6; Le 11:9-13).


<hi type="bold">8. neither ... works--</hi>literally, "nothing like thy works," the "gods" have none at all.

8. neither... works-- literally, "nothing like thy works," the "gods" have none at all.


9-10. The pious Jews believed that God's common relation to all would be ultimately acknowledged by all men (Psa 45:12-16; 47:<reference osisRef="Ps.16.9">9</reference>).

9-10. The pious Jews believed that God's common relation to all would be ultimately acknowledged by all men (Psa 45:12-16; 47:9).


<hi type="bold">11. Teach--</hi>Show, point out.

<hi type="bold">the way--</hi>of Providence.

<hi type="bold">walk in thy truth--</hi>according to its declarations.

<hi type="bold">unite my heart--</hi>fix all my affections (<reference osisRef="Ps.12.2">Psa 12:2</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jas.4.8">Jas 4:8</reference>).

<hi type="bold">to fear thy name--</hi>(compare <reference osisRef="Ps.86.12">Psa 86:12</reference>) to honor Thy perfections.

11. Teach-- Show, point out. the way-- of Providence. walk in thy truth-- according to its declarations. unite my heart-- fix all my affections (Psa 12:2; Jas 4:8). to fear thy name-- (compare Psa 86:12) to honor Thy perfections.


13-14. The reason: God had delivered him from death and the power of insolent, violent, and godless persecutors (<reference osisRef="Ps.54.3">Psa 54:3</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ezek.8.12">Eze 8:12</reference>).

13-14. The reason: God had delivered him from death and the power of insolent, violent, and godless persecutors (Psa 54:3; Eze 8:12).


15. Contrasts God with his enemies (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.86.5">Psa 86:5</reference>).

15. Contrasts God with his enemies (compare Psa 86:5).


<hi type="bold">16. son ... handmaid--</hi>homeborn servant (compare <reference osisRef="Luke.15.17">Lu 15:17</reference>).

16. son... handmaid-- homeborn servant (compare Lu 15:17).


<hi type="bold">17. Show me--</hi>literally, "Make with me a token," by Thy providential care. Thus in and by his prosperity his enemies would be confounded. <chapter eID="Ps.86"/>

17. Show me-- literally, "Make with me a token," by Thy providential care. Thus in and by his prosperity his enemies would be confounded.


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 87</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.87.1-Ps.87.7">Psa 87:1-7</reference>. This triumphal song was probably occasioned by the same event as the forty-sixth [see on <reference osisRef="Ps.46.1">Psa 46:1</reference>, title]. The writer celebrates the glory of the Church, as the means of spiritual blessing to the nation.</title>

<hi type="bold">1. His--</hi>that is, God's

<hi type="bold">foundation--</hi>or, what He has founded, that is, Zion (<reference osisRef="Isa.14.32">Is 14:32</reference>).

<hi type="bold">is in the holy mountains--</hi>the location of Zion, in the wide sense, for the capital, or Jerusalem, being on several hills.

PSALM 87 Psa 87:1-7. This triumphal song was probably occasioned by the same event as the forty-sixth [see on Psa 46:1, title]. The writer celebrates the glory of the Church, as the means of spiritual blessing to the nation. 1. His-- that is, God's foundation-- or, what He has founded, that is, Zion (Is 14:32). is in the holy mountains-- the location of Zion, in the wide sense, for the capital, or Jerusalem, being on several hills.


<hi type="bold">2. gates--</hi>for the enclosures, or city to which they opened (<reference osisRef="Ps.9.14">Psa 9:14</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.122.2">122:2</reference>; compare <reference osisRef="Ps.132.13">Psa 132:13</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ps.132.14">14</reference>).

2. gates-- for the enclosures, or city to which they opened (Psa 9:14; 122:2; compare Psa 132:13, 14).


<hi type="bold">3. spoken of thee--</hi>or, "in thee," that is, the city of God (<reference osisRef="Ps.46.4">Psa 46:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.48.2">48:2</reference>).

3. spoken of thee-- or, "in thee," that is, the city of God (Psa 46:4; 48:2).


4. This is what is spoken by God.

<hi type="bold">to them ... me--</hi>literally, "for My knowers," they are true worshippers (<reference osisRef="Ps.36.10">Psa 36:10</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.19.21">Is 19:21</reference>). These are mentioned as specimens.

<hi type="bold">this--</hi>that is, nation

<hi type="bold">was born there--</hi>Of each it is said, "This was born," or is a native of Zion, spiritually.

4. This is what is spoken by God. to them... me-- literally, "for My knowers," they are true worshippers (Psa 36:10; Is 19:21). These are mentioned as specimens. this-- that is, nation was born there-- Of each it is said, "This was born," or is a native of Zion, spiritually.


 <hi type="bold">5. The writer resumes--</hi>

<hi type="bold">This and that man--</hi>literally, "man and man," or many (<reference osisRef="Gen.14.10">Ge 14:10</reference>; <reference osisRef="Exod.8.10">Ex 8:10</reference>, <reference osisRef="Exod.8.14">14</reference>), or all (<reference osisRef="Isa.44.5">Is 44:5</reference>; <reference osisRef="Gal.3.28">Ga 3:28</reference>).

<hi type="bold">the highest ... her--</hi>God is her protector.

5. The writer resumes-- This and that man-- literally, "man and man," or many (Ge 14:10; Ex 8:10, 14), or all (Is 44:5; Ga 3:28). the highest... her-- God is her protector.


6. The same idea is set forth under the figure of a register made by God (compare <reference osisRef="Isa.4.3">Is 4:3</reference>).

6. The same idea is set forth under the figure of a register made by God (compare Is 4:3).


7. As in a great procession of those thus written up, or registered, seeking Zion (<reference osisRef="Isa.2.3">Is 2:3</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jer.50.5">Jr 50:5</reference>), "the singers" and "players," or pipers, shall precede.

<hi type="bold">all my springs--</hi>So each shall say, "All my sources of spiritual joy are in Thee" (<reference osisRef="Ps.46.4">Psa 46:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.84.6">84:6</reference>). <chapter eID="Ps.87"/>

7. As in a great procession of those thus written up, or registered, seeking Zion (Is 2:3; Jr 50:5), "the singers" and "players," or pipers, shall precede. all my springs-- So each shall say, "All my sources of spiritual joy are in Thee" (Psa 46:4; 84:6).


<title type="x-s2">PSALM 88</title> <title type="x-s3"><reference osisRef="Ps.88.1-Ps.88.18">Psa 88:1-18</reference>. Upon Mahalath--either an instrument, as a lute, to be used as an accompaniment (Leannoth, "for singing") or, as others think, an enigmatic title (see on <reference osisRef="Ps.5.1">Psa 5:1</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ps.22.1">Psa 22:1</reference>, and <reference osisRef="Ps.45.1">Psa 45:1</reference>, titles), denoting the subject--that is, "sickness or disease, for humbling," the idea of spiritual maladies being often represented by disease (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.6.5">Psa 6:5</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ps.6.6">6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.22.14">22:14</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ps.22.15">15</reference>, &c.). On the other terms, see on <reference osisRef="Ps.42.1">Psa 42:1</reference> and <reference osisRef="Ps.32.1">Psa 32:1</reference>. Heman and Ethan (see on <reference osisRef="Ps.89.1">Psa 89:1</reference>, title) were David's singers (<reference osisRef="1Chr.6.18">1Ch 6:18</reference>, <reference osisRef="1Chr.6.33">33</reference>; <reference osisRef="1Chr.15.17">15:17</reference>), of the family of Kohath. If the persons alluded to (<reference osisRef="1Kgs.4.31">1Ki 4:31</reference>; <reference osisRef="1Chr.2.6">1Ch 2:6</reference>), they were probably adopted into the tribe of Judah. Though called a song, which usually implies joy (<reference osisRef="Ps.83.1">Psa 83:1</reference>), both the style and matter of the Psalm are very despondent; yet the appeals to God evince faith, and we may suppose that the word "song" might be extended to such compositions.</title>

1-2. Compare on the terms used, <reference osisRef="Ps.22.2">Psa 22:2</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.31.2">31:2</reference>.

PSALM 88 Psa 88:1-18. Upon Mahalath--either an instrument, as a lute, to be used as an accompaniment (Leannoth, "for singing") or, as others think, an enigmatic title (see on Psa 5:1, Psa 22:1, and Psa 45:1, titles), denoting the subject--that is, "sickness or disease, for humbling," the idea of spiritual maladies being often represented by disease (compare Psa 6:5, 6; 22:14, 15, &c.). On the other terms, see on Psa 42:1 and Psa 32:1. Heman and Ethan (see on Psa 89:1, title) were David's singers (1Ch 6:18, 33; 15:17), of the family of Kohath. If the persons alluded to (1Ki 4:31; 1Ch 2:6), they were probably adopted into the tribe of Judah. Though called a song, which usually implies joy (Psa 83:1), both the style and matter of the Psalm are very despondent; yet the appeals to God evince faith, and we may suppose that the word "song" might be extended to such compositions. 1-2. Compare on the terms used, Psa 22:2; 31:2.


<hi type="bold">3. grave--</hi>literally, "hell" (<reference osisRef="Ps.16.10">Psa 16:10</reference>), death in wide sense.

3. grave-- literally, "hell" (Psa 16:10), death in wide sense.


<hi type="bold">4. go ... pit--</hi>of destruction (<reference osisRef="Ps.28.1">Psa 28:1</reference>).

<hi type="bold">as a man--</hi>literally, "a stout man," whose strength is utterly gone.

4. go... pit-- of destruction (Psa 28:1). as a man-- literally, "a stout man," whose strength is utterly gone.


<hi type="bold">5. Free ... dead--</hi>Cut off from God's care, as are the slain, who, falling under His wrath, are left, no longer sustained by His hand.

5. Free... dead-- Cut off from God's care, as are the slain, who, falling under His wrath, are left, no longer sustained by His hand.


6. Similar figures for distress in <reference osisRef="Ps.63.9">Psa 63:9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.69.3">69:3</reference>.

6. Similar figures for distress in Psa 63:9; 69:3.


7. Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.38.2">Psa 38:2</reference>, on first, and <reference osisRef="Ps.42.7">Psa 42:7</reference>, on last clause.

7. Compare Psa 38:2, on first, and Psa 42:7, on last clause.


8. Both cut off from sympathy and made hateful to friends (<reference osisRef="Ps.31.11">Psa 31:11</reference>).

8. Both cut off from sympathy and made hateful to friends (Psa 31:11).


<hi type="bold">9. Mine eye mourneth--</hi>literally, "decays," or fails, denoting exhaustion (<reference osisRef="Ps.6.7">Psa 6:7</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.31.9">31:9</reference>).

<hi type="bold">I ... called--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Ps.86.5">Psa 86:5</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ps.86.7">7</reference>).

<hi type="bold">stretched out--</hi>for help (<reference osisRef="Ps.44.20">Psa 44:20</reference>).

9. Mine eye mourneth-- literally, "decays," or fails, denoting exhaustion (Psa 6:7; 31:9). I... called-- (Psa 86:5, 7). stretched out-- for help (Psa 44:20).


<hi type="bold">10. shall the dead--</hi>the remains of ghosts.

<hi type="bold">arise--</hi>literally, "rise up," that is, as dead persons.

10. shall the dead-- the remains of ghosts. arise-- literally, "rise up," that is, as dead persons.


11-12. amplify the foregoing, the whole purport (as <reference osisRef="Ps.6.5">Psa 6:5</reference>) being to contrast death and life as seasons for praising God.

11-12. amplify the foregoing, the whole purport (as Psa 6:5) being to contrast death and life as seasons for praising God.


<hi type="bold">13. prevent--</hi>meet--that is, he will diligently come before God for help (<reference osisRef="Ps.18.41">Psa 18:41</reference>).

13. prevent-- meet--that is, he will diligently come before God for help (Psa 18:41).


14. On the terms (<reference osisRef="Ps.27.9">Psa 27:9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.74.1">74:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.77.7">77:7</reference>).

14. On the terms (Psa 27:9; 74:1; 77:7).


<hi type="bold">15. from ... youth up--</hi>all my life.

15. from... youth up-- all my life.


16-17. the extremes of anguish and despair are depicted.


<hi type="bold">18. into darkness--</hi>Better omit "into"--"mine acquaintances (are) darkness," the gloom of death, &c. (<reference osisRef="Job.17.13">Job 17:13</reference>, <reference osisRef="Job.17.14">14</reference>). <chapter eID="Ps.88"/>

18. into darkness-- Better omit "into"--"mine acquaintances (are) darkness," the gloom of death, &c. (Job 17:13, 14).