5. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.14.31">Pr 14:31</reference>).

<hi type="bold">glad at calamities--</hi>rejoicing in others' evil. Such are rightly punished by God, who knows their hearts.

5. (Compare Pr 14:31). glad at calamities-- rejoicing in others' evil. Such are rightly punished by God, who knows their hearts.


6. Prolonged posterity is a blessing, its cutting off a curse (<reference osisRef="Prov.13.22">Pr 13:22</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.109.13-Ps.109.15">Psa 109:13-15</reference>), hence children may glory in virtuous ancestry.

6. Prolonged posterity is a blessing, its cutting off a curse (Pr 13:22; Psa 109:13-15), hence children may glory in virtuous ancestry.


<hi type="bold">7. Excellent speech--</hi>(Compare Margin). Such language as ill suits a fool, as lying (ought to suit) a prince (<reference osisRef="Prov.16.12">Pr 16:12</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.16.13">13</reference>).

7. Excellent speech-- (Compare Margin). Such language as ill suits a fool, as lying (ought to suit) a prince (Pr 16:12, 13).


8. One so corrupt as to take a bribe evinces his high estimate of it by subjection to its influence (<reference osisRef="Prov.18.16">Pr 18:16</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.19.6">19:6</reference>).

8. One so corrupt as to take a bribe evinces his high estimate of it by subjection to its influence (Pr 18:16; 19:6).


<hi type="bold">9. seeketh love--</hi>(Compare Margin). The contrast is between the peace-maker and tale-bearer.

9. seeketh love-- (Compare Margin). The contrast is between the peace-maker and tale-bearer.


10. Reproof more affects the wise than severe scourging, fools.


11. Such meet just retribution (<reference osisRef="1Kgs.2.25">1Ki 2:25</reference>).

<hi type="bold">a cruel messenger--</hi>one to inflict it.

11. Such meet just retribution (1Ki 2:25). a cruel messenger-- one to inflict it.


12. They are less rational in anger than wild beasts.


13. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.7.4">Psa 7:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.35.12">35:12</reference>).

<hi type="bold">evil--</hi>injury to another (<reference osisRef="Prov.13.21">Pr 13:21</reference>).

13. (Compare Psa 7:4; 35:12). evil-- injury to another (Pr 13:21).


<hi type="bold">14. letteth ... water--</hi>as a breach in a dam.

<hi type="bold">before ... meddled with--</hi>before strife has become sharp, or, by an explanation better suiting the figure, before it rolls on, or increases.

14. letteth... water-- as a breach in a dam. before... meddled with-- before strife has become sharp, or, by an explanation better suiting the figure, before it rolls on, or increases.


<hi type="bold">15. abomination ... Lord--</hi>as reversing His method of acting (<reference osisRef="Prov.3.32">Pr 3:32</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.12.2">12:2</reference>).

15. abomination... Lord-- as reversing His method of acting (Pr 3:32; 12:2).


16. Though wealth cannot buy wisdom for those who do not love it, yet wisdom procures wealth (<reference osisRef="Prov.3.16">Pr 3:16</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.14.24">14:24</reference>).

16. Though wealth cannot buy wisdom for those who do not love it, yet wisdom procures wealth (Pr 3:16; 14:24).


17. To the second of these parallel clauses, there is an accession of meaning, that is, that a brother's love is specially seen in adversity.


18. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.6.1-Prov.5.11">Pr 6:1-5; 11</reference>:15).

<hi type="bold">in the presence, &c.--</hi>that is, he either fails to consult his friend, or to follow his advice.

18. (Compare Pr 6:1-5; 11:15). in the presence, &c.-- that is, he either fails to consult his friend, or to follow his advice.


<hi type="bold">19. strife--</hi>contention is, and leads to, sin.

<hi type="bold">he that exalteth his gate--</hi>gratifies a vain love of costly building.

<hi type="bold">seeketh--</hi>or, "findeth," as if he sought (compare "loveth death," <reference osisRef="Prov.8.36">Pr 8:36</reference>).

19. strife-- contention is, and leads to, sin. he that exalteth his gate-- gratifies a vain love of costly building. seeketh-- or, "findeth," as if he sought (compare "loveth death," Pr 8:36).


20. The second clause advances on the first. The ill-natured fail of good, and the cavilling and fault-finding incur evil.


21. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.23.24">Pr 23:24</reference>). Different words are rendered by "fool," both denoting stupidity and impiety.

21. (Compare Pr 23:24). Different words are rendered by "fool," both denoting stupidity and impiety.


22. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.14.30">Pr 14:30</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.15.13">15:13</reference>). The effect of the mind on the body is well known.

<hi type="bold">medicine--</hi>or, "body," which better corresponds with "bone."

<hi type="bold">drieth--</hi>as if the marrow were exhausted.

22. (Compare Pr 14:30; 15:13). The effect of the mind on the body is well known. medicine-- or, "body," which better corresponds with "bone." drieth-- as if the marrow were exhausted.


<hi type="bold">23. a gift ... bosom--</hi>Money and other valuables were borne in a fold of the garment, called the bosom.

<hi type="bold">to pervert--</hi>that is, by bribery.

23. a gift... bosom-- Money and other valuables were borne in a fold of the garment, called the bosom. to pervert-- that is, by bribery.


<hi type="bold">24. Wisdom ... him--</hi>ever an object of regard, while a fool's affections are unsettled.

24. Wisdom... him-- ever an object of regard, while a fool's affections are unsettled.


<hi type="bold">25. a grief--</hi>or cross, vexation (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.17.21">Pr 17:21</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.10.1">10:1</reference>).

25. a grief-- or cross, vexation (compare Pr 17:21; 10:1).


<hi type="bold">26. Also--</hi>that is, Equally to be avoided are other sins: punishing good subjects, or resisting good rulers.

26. Also-- that is, Equally to be avoided are other sins: punishing good subjects, or resisting good rulers.


27-28. Prudence of speech is commended as is an excellent or calm spirit, not excited to vain conversation. <chapter eID="Prov.17"/>


<title type="x-s2">CHAPTER 18</title>
 <reference osisRef="Prov.18.1-Prov.18.24">Pr 18:1-24</reference>.

<hi type="bold">1. Through desire ... seeketh--</hi>that is, seeks selfish gratification.

<hi type="bold">intermeddleth ... wisdom--</hi>or, "rushes on" (<reference osisRef="Prov.17.14">Pr 17:14</reference>) against all wisdom, or what is valuable (<reference osisRef="Prov.2.7">Pr 2:7</reference>).

CHAPTER 18 Pr 18:1-24. 1. Through desire... seeketh-- that is, seeks selfish gratification. intermeddleth... wisdom-- or, "rushes on" (Pr 17:14) against all wisdom, or what is valuable (Pr 2:7).


<hi type="bold">2. that his heart ... itself--</hi>that is, takes pleasure in revealing his folly (<reference osisRef="Prov.12.23">Pr 12:23</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.15.2">15:2</reference>).

2. that his heart... itself-- that is, takes pleasure in revealing his folly (Pr 12:23; 15:2).


3. So surely are sin and punishment connected (<reference osisRef="Prov.16.4">Pr 16:4</reference>).

 wicked, for "wickedness," answers to

 ignominy, or the state of such; and

 contempt, the feeling of others to them; and to

 reproach, a manifestation of contempt.

3. So surely are sin and punishment connected (Pr 16:4). wicked, for "wickedness," answers to ignominy, or the state of such; and contempt, the feeling of others to them; and to reproach, a manifestation of contempt.


4. Wise speech is like an exhaustless stream of benefit.


<hi type="bold">5. accept the person--</hi>(Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.82.2">Psa 82:2</reference>). "It is not good" is to be supplied before "to overthrow."

5. accept the person-- (Compare Psa 82:2). "It is not good" is to be supplied before "to overthrow."


6-7. The quarrelsome bring trouble on themselves. Their rash language ensnares them (<reference osisRef="Prov.6.2">Pr 6:2</reference>).

6-7. The quarrelsome bring trouble on themselves. Their rash language ensnares them (Pr 6:2).


8. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.16.28">Pr 16:28</reference>).

<hi type="bold">as wounds--</hi>not sustained by the Hebrew; better, as "sweet morsels," which men gladly swallow.

<hi type="bold">innermost ... belly--</hi>the mind, or heart (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.20.27-Prov.20.30">Pr 20:27-30</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.22.14">Psa 22:14</reference>).

8. (Compare Pr 16:28). as wounds-- not sustained by the Hebrew; better, as "sweet morsels," which men gladly swallow. innermost... belly-- the mind, or heart (compare Pr 20:27-30; Psa 22:14).


9. One by failing to get, the other by wasting wealth, grows poor.

<hi type="bold">waster--</hi>literally, "master of washing," a prodigal.

9. One by failing to get, the other by wasting wealth, grows poor. waster-- literally, "master of washing," a prodigal.


<hi type="bold">10. name of the Lord--</hi>manifested perfections (<reference osisRef="Ps.8.1">Psa 8:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.20.2">20:2</reference>), as faithfulness, power, mercy, &c., on which men rely.

<hi type="bold">is safe--</hi>literally, "set on high, out of danger" (<reference osisRef="Ps.18.2">Psa 18:2</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.91.4">91:4</reference>).

10. name of the Lord-- manifested perfections (Psa 8:1; 20:2), as faithfulness, power, mercy, &c., on which men rely. is safe-- literally, "set on high, out of danger" (Psa 18:2; 91:4).


11. contrasts with <reference osisRef="Prov.18.10">Pr 18:10</reference> (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.10.15">Pr 10:15</reference>). Such is a vain trust (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.73.6">Psa 73:6</reference>).

11. contrasts with Pr 18:10 (compare Pr 10:15). Such is a vain trust (compare Psa 73:6).


12. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.15.33">Pr 15:33</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.16.18">16:18</reference>).

12. (Compare Pr 15:33; 16:18).


13. Hasty speech evinces self-conceit, and ensures shame (<reference osisRef="Prov.26.12">Pr 26:12</reference>).

13. Hasty speech evinces self-conceit, and ensures shame (Pr 26:12).


<hi type="bold">14. infirmity--</hi>bodily sickness, or outward evil. The spirit, which sustains, being wounded, no support is left, except, as implied, in God.

14. infirmity-- bodily sickness, or outward evil. The spirit, which sustains, being wounded, no support is left, except, as implied, in God.


15. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.1.5">Pr 1:5</reference>, <reference osisRef="1Cor.15.31">15, 31</reference>).

15. (Compare Pr 1:5, 15, 31).


16. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.17.8">Pr 17:8</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.17.23">23</reference>). Disapproval of the fact stated is implied.

16. (Compare Pr 17:8, 23). Disapproval of the fact stated is implied.


17. One-sided statements are not reliable.

<hi type="bold">searcheth--</hi>thoroughly (<reference osisRef="Prov.17.9">Pr 17:9</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.17.19">19</reference>).

17. One-sided statements are not reliable. searcheth-- thoroughly (Pr 17:9, 19).


<hi type="bold">18. The lot--</hi>whose disposal is of God (<reference osisRef="Prov.16.13">Pr 16:13</reference>), may, properly used, be a right mode of settling disputes.

18. The lot-- whose disposal is of God (Pr 16:13), may, properly used, be a right mode of settling disputes.


19. No feuds so difficult of adjustment as those of relatives; hence great care should be used to avoid them.


20. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.12.14">Pr 12:14</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.13.2">13:2</reference>). Men's words are the fruit, or, increase of his lips, and when good, benefit them.

<hi type="bold">satisfied with--</hi>(Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.1.31">Pr 1:31</reference>; <reference osisRef="1Cor.14.14">14:14</reference>).

20. (Compare Pr 12:14; 13:2). Men's words are the fruit, or, increase of his lips, and when good, benefit them. satisfied with-- (Compare Pr 1:31; 14:14).


<hi type="bold">21. Death and life--</hi>or, the greatest evil and good.

<hi type="bold">that love it--</hi>that is, the tongue, or its use for good or evil.

<hi type="bold">eat ... fruit--</hi>(Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.18.19">Pr 18:19</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jas.1.19">Jas 1:19</reference>).

21. Death and life-- or, the greatest evil and good. that love it-- that is, the tongue, or its use for good or evil. eat... fruit-- (Compare Pr 18:19; Jas 1:19).


22. The old versions supply "good" before the "wife," as the last clause and <reference osisRef="Prov.19.14">Pr 19:14</reference> imply (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.31.10">Pr 31:10</reference>).

22. The old versions supply "good" before the "wife," as the last clause and Pr 19:14 imply (compare Pr 31:10).


<hi type="bold">23. the rich ... roughly--</hi>He is tolerated because rich, implying that the estimate of men by wealth is wrong.

23. the rich... roughly-- He is tolerated because rich, implying that the estimate of men by wealth is wrong.


<hi type="bold">24. A man ... friendly--</hi>better, "A man ... (is) to, or, may triumph (<reference osisRef="Ps.108.9">Psa 108:9</reference>), or, shout for joy (<reference osisRef="Ps.5.11">Psa 5:11</reference>), that is, may congratulate himself." Indeed, there is a Friend who is better than a brother; such is the "Friend of sinners" [Mt 11:19; Lu 7:34], who may have been before the writer's mind. <chapter eID="Prov.18"/>

24. A man... friendly-- better, "A man... (is) to, or, may triumph (Psa 108:9), or, shout for joy (Psa 5:11), that is, may congratulate himself." Indeed, there is a Friend who is better than a brother; such is the "Friend of sinners" [Mt 11:19; Lu 7:34], who may have been before the writer's mind.


<title type="x-s2">CHAPTER 19</title>
 <reference osisRef="Prov.19.1-Prov.19.29">Pr 19:1-29</reference>.

1. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.28.6">Pr 28:6</reference>). "Rich" for fool here. Integrity is better than riches (<reference osisRef="Prov.15.16">Pr 15:16</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.15.17">17</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.16.8">16:8</reference>).

CHAPTER 19 Pr 19:1-29. 1. (Compare Pr 28:6). "Rich" for fool here. Integrity is better than riches (Pr 15:16, 17; 16:8).


2. The last illustrates the first clause. Rashness, the result of ignorance, brings trouble.


<hi type="bold">3. perverteth ... way--</hi>turns him back from right (<reference osisRef="Prov.13.6">Pr 13:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jas.1.13">Jas 1:13</reference>); and he blames God for his failures.

3. perverteth... way-- turns him back from right (Pr 13:6; Jas 1:13); and he blames God for his failures.


4. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.14.20">Pr 14:20</reference>). Such facts are often adduced with implied disapprobation.

4. (Compare Pr 14:20). Such facts are often adduced with implied disapprobation.


5. Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.19.9">Pr 19:9</reference>, where perish explains not escape here (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.88.9">Psa 88:9</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ps.88.10">10</reference>).

5. Compare Pr 19:9, where perish explains not escape here (compare Psa 88:9, 10).


8. (Compare Margin; <reference osisRef="Prov.15.32">Pr 15:32</reference>).

<hi type="bold">loveth ... soul--</hi>or, "himself," which he evinces by regarding his best interests.

<hi type="bold">keepeth--</hi>or, "regards."

8. (Compare Margin; Pr 15:32). loveth... soul-- or, "himself," which he evinces by regarding his best interests. keepeth-- or, "regards."


10. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.17.7">Pr 17:7</reference>). The fool is incapable of properly using pleasure as knowledge, yet for him to have it is less incongruous than the undue elevation of servants. Let each abide in his calling (<reference osisRef="1Cor.7.20">1Co 7:20</reference>).

10. (Compare Pr 17:7). The fool is incapable of properly using pleasure as knowledge, yet for him to have it is less incongruous than the undue elevation of servants. Let each abide in his calling (1Co 7:20).


11. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.14.29">Pr 14:29</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.16.32">16:32</reference>). This inculcation of a forgiving spirit shows that true religion is always the same (<reference osisRef="Matt.5.22-Matt.5.24">Mt 5:22-24</reference>).

11. (Compare Pr 14:29; 16:32). This inculcation of a forgiving spirit shows that true religion is always the same (Mt 5:22-24).


12. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.16.14">Pr 16:14</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.16.15">15</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.20.2">20:2</reference>). A motive to submission to lawful authority.

12. (Compare Pr 16:14, 15; 20:2). A motive to submission to lawful authority.


<hi type="bold">13. calamity--</hi>literally, "calamities," varied and many.

<hi type="bold">continual dropping--</hi>a perpetual annoyance, wearing out patience.

13. calamity-- literally, "calamities," varied and many. continual dropping-- a perpetual annoyance, wearing out patience.


14. A contrast of men's gifts and God's, who, though author of both blessings, confers the latter by His more special providence.

<hi type="bold">and--</hi>or, "but," implying that the evils of <reference osisRef="Prov.19.13">Pr 19:13</reference> are only avoided by His care.

14. A contrast of men's gifts and God's, who, though author of both blessings, confers the latter by His more special providence. and-- or, "but," implying that the evils of Pr 19:13 are only avoided by His care.


<hi type="bold">15. a deep sleep--</hi>a state of utter indifference.

<hi type="bold">idle soul--</hi>or, "person" (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.10.4">Pr 10:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.12.24">12:24</reference>).

15. a deep sleep-- a state of utter indifference. idle soul-- or, "person" (compare Pr 10:4; 12:24).


16. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.10.17">Pr 10:17</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.13.13">13:13</reference>).

<hi type="bold">despiseth ... ways--</hi>opposed to keeping or observing, neglects (<reference osisRef="Prov.16.17">Pr 16:17</reference>) (as unworthy of regard) his moral conduct.

16. (Compare Pr 10:17; 13:13). despiseth... ways-- opposed to keeping or observing, neglects (Pr 16:17) (as unworthy of regard) his moral conduct.


17. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.14.21">Pr 14:21</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.37.26">Psa 37:26</reference>).

<hi type="bold">hath pity--</hi>shown by acts (compare Margin).

17. (Compare Pr 14:21; Psa 37:26). hath pity-- shown by acts (compare Margin).


18. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.13.24">Pr 13:24</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.23.13">23:13</reference>).

<hi type="bold">let not ... spare--</hi>literally, "do not lift up thy soul" (<reference osisRef="Ps.24.4">Psa 24:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.25.1">25:1</reference>), that is, do not desire to his death; a caution to passionate parents against angry chastisement.

18. (Compare Pr 13:24; 23:13). let not... spare-- literally, "do not lift up thy soul" (Psa 24:4; 25:1), that is, do not desire to his death; a caution to passionate parents against angry chastisement.


19. Repeated efforts of kindness are lost on ill-natured persons.


20. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.13.18-Prov.13.20">Pr 13:18-20</reference>).

<hi type="bold">latter end--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Prov.5.11">Pr 5:11</reference>). In youth prepare for age.

20. (Compare Pr 13:18-20). latter end-- (Pr 5:11). In youth prepare for age.


21. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.16.1">Pr 16:1</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.16.9">9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.33.10">Psa 33:10</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ps.33.11">11</reference>). The failure of man's devices is implied.

21. (Compare Pr 16:1, 9; Psa 33:10, 11). The failure of man's devices is implied.


<hi type="bold">22. desire--</hi>that is, to do good, indicates a kind disposition (<reference osisRef="Prov.11.23">Pr 11:23</reference>); and the poor thus affected are better than liars, who say and do not.

22. desire-- that is, to do good, indicates a kind disposition (Pr 11:23); and the poor thus affected are better than liars, who say and do not.


<hi type="bold">23. The fear ... life--</hi>(Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.3.2">Pr 3:2</reference>).

<hi type="bold">abide--</hi>or, "remain contented" (<reference osisRef="1Tim.4.8">1Ti 4:8</reference>).

<hi type="bold">not visited with evil--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Prov.10.3">Pr 10:3</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.37.25">Psa 37:25</reference>), as a judgment, in which sense visit is often used (<reference osisRef="Ps.89.32">Psa 89:32</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jer.6.15">Jr 6:15</reference>).

23. The fear... life-- (Compare Pr 3:2). abide-- or, "remain contented" (1Ti 4:8). not visited with evil-- (Pr 10:3; Psa 37:25), as a judgment, in which sense visit is often used (Psa 89:32; Jr 6:15).


<hi type="bold">24. bosom--</hi>literally, a wide dish in which the hand was plunged in eating (<reference osisRef="Matt.26.23">Mt 26:23</reference>). Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.26.15">Pr 26:15</reference>, the sentiment expressed with equal irony and less exaggeration.

24. bosom-- literally, a wide dish in which the hand was plunged in eating (Mt 26:23). Compare Pr 26:15, the sentiment expressed with equal irony and less exaggeration.


25. Such is the benefit of reproof; even the simple profit, much more the wise.


26. Unfilial conduct often condemned (Pr 17:21-25; 20:<reference osisRef="Prov.25.20">20</reference>; <reference osisRef="Deut.21.18">De 21:18</reference>, <reference osisRef="Deut.21.21">21</reference>).

26. Unfilial conduct often condemned (Pr 17:21-25; 20:20; De 21:18, 21).


27. Avoid whatever leads from truth.


<hi type="bold">28. ungodly witness--</hi>(Compare Margin), one false by bad principles (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.6.12">Pr 6:12</reference>).

<hi type="bold">scorneth judgment--</hi>sets at naught the dictates of justice.

<hi type="bold">devoureth--</hi>literally, "swalloweth," as something delightful.

28. ungodly witness-- (Compare Margin), one false by bad principles (compare Pr 6:12). scorneth judgment-- sets at naught the dictates of justice. devoureth-- literally, "swalloweth," as something delightful.


29. Their punishment is sure, fixed, and ready (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.3.34">Pr 3:34</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.10.13">10:13</reference>). <chapter eID="Prov.19"/>

29. Their punishment is sure, fixed, and ready (compare Pr 3:34; 10:13).


<title type="x-s2">CHAPTER 20</title>
 <reference osisRef="Prov.20.1-Prov.20.30">Pr 20:1-30</reference>.

<hi type="bold">1. mocker--</hi>scorner. Such men are made by wine.

<hi type="bold">strong drink--</hi>made by spicing wine (compare <reference osisRef="Isa.5.11">Is 5:11</reference>, <reference osisRef="Isa.5.22">22</reference>); and it may include wine.

<hi type="bold">raging--</hi>or boisterous as a drunkard.

<hi type="bold">deceived--</hi>literally, "erring," or reeling.

CHAPTER 20 Pr 20:1-30. 1. mocker-- scorner. Such men are made by wine. strong drink-- made by spicing wine (compare Is 5:11, 22); and it may include wine. raging-- or boisterous as a drunkard. deceived-- literally, "erring," or reeling.


2. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.19.12">Pr 19:12</reference>). Men who resist authority injure themselves (<reference osisRef="Rom.13.2">Ro 13:2</reference>).

2. (Compare Pr 19:12). Men who resist authority injure themselves (Ro 13:2).


<hi type="bold">3. to cease from strife--</hi>or, better, "to dwell from or without strife," denoting the habit of life.

<hi type="bold">fool ... meddling--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Prov.17.14">Pr 17:14</reference>).

3. to cease from strife-- or, better, "to dwell from or without strife," denoting the habit of life. fool... meddling-- (Pr 17:14).


<hi type="bold">4. shall ... beg--</hi>literally, "ask" (in this sense, <reference osisRef="Ps.109.10">Psa 109:10</reference>).

4. shall... beg-- literally, "ask" (in this sense, Psa 109:10).


<hi type="bold">5. Counsel ... water--</hi>that is, deeply hidden (<reference osisRef="Prov.18.4">Pr 18:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.13.2">Psa 13:2</reference>). The wise can discern well.

5. Counsel... water-- that is, deeply hidden (Pr 18:4; Psa 13:2). The wise can discern well.


6. Boasters are unreliable.

<hi type="bold">goodness--</hi>or, "kind disposition."

6. Boasters are unreliable. goodness-- or, "kind disposition."


7. The conduct of good men proclaims their sound principles. God's covenant and their good example secure blessing to their children (<reference osisRef="Prov.4.26">Pr 4:26</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.112.1">Psa 112:1</reference>, 2).

7. The conduct of good men proclaims their sound principles. God's covenant and their good example secure blessing to their children (Pr 4:26; Psa 112:1, 2).


8. As in <reference osisRef="Prov.14.35">Pr 14:35</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.16.10">16:10</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.16.15">15</reference>, this is the character of a good king, not of all kings.

8. As in Pr 14:35; 16:10, 15, this is the character of a good king, not of all kings.


9. The interrogation in the affirmative strengthens the implied negation (compare <reference osisRef="Job.15.14">Job 15:14</reference>; <reference osisRef="Eccl.7.20">Ec 7:20</reference>).

9. The interrogation in the affirmative strengthens the implied negation (compare Job 15:14; Ec 7:20).


10. Various measures, implying that some are wrong (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.11.1">Pr 11:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.16.11">16:11</reference>).

10. Various measures, implying that some are wrong (compare Pr 11:1; 16:11).


11. The conduct of children even is the best test of principle (compare <reference osisRef="Matt.7.16">Mt 7:16</reference>).

11. The conduct of children even is the best test of principle (compare Mt 7:16).


12. Hence, of course, God will know all you do (<reference osisRef="Ps.94.9">Psa 94:9</reference>).

12. Hence, of course, God will know all you do (Psa 94:9).


13. Activity and diligence contrasted with sloth (<reference osisRef="Prov.6.9">Pr 6:9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.10.11">10:11</reference>).

<hi type="bold">lest ... poverty--</hi>literally, "be deprived of inheritance."

13. Activity and diligence contrasted with sloth (Pr 6:9; 10:11). lest... poverty-- literally, "be deprived of inheritance."


<hi type="bold">14. when ... his way--</hi>implying that he goes about boasting of his bargains.

14. when... his way-- implying that he goes about boasting of his bargains.


15. The contrast denotes the greater value of knowledge (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.3.14-Prov.3.16">Pr 3:14-16</reference>).

15. The contrast denotes the greater value of knowledge (compare Pr 3:14-16).


<hi type="bold">16. Take his garment--</hi>implies severe exaction, justified by the surety's rashness.

<hi type="bold">a strange woman--</hi>by some readings "strangers," but the former here, and in <reference osisRef="Prov.27.13">Pr 27:13</reference>, is allowable, and strengthens the sense. The debauchee is less reliable than the merely careless.

16. Take his garment-- implies severe exaction, justified by the surety's rashness. a strange woman-- by some readings "strangers," but the former here, and in Pr 27:13, is allowable, and strengthens the sense. The debauchee is less reliable than the merely careless.


<hi type="bold">17. Bread ... sweet--</hi>either as unlawfully (<reference osisRef="Prov.9.17">Pr 9:17</reference>) or easily obtained.

<hi type="bold">mouth ... gravel--</hi>well expresses the pain and grief given at last.

17. Bread... sweet-- either as unlawfully (Pr 9:17) or easily obtained. mouth... gravel-- well expresses the pain and grief given at last.


18. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.15.22">Pr 15:22</reference>). Be careful and considerate in important plans.

18. (Compare Pr 15:22). Be careful and considerate in important plans.


19. Those who love to tell news will hardly keep secrets.

<hi type="bold">flattereth ... lips--</hi>(compare Margin; <reference osisRef="Prov.1.10">Pr 1:10</reference>).

<hi type="bold">meddle ... him--</hi>literally, "join," or "associate with."

19. Those who love to tell news will hardly keep secrets. flattereth... lips-- (compare Margin; Pr 1:10). meddle... him-- literally, "join," or "associate with."


<hi type="bold">20. his lamp--</hi>(Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.13.9">Pr 13:9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.24.20">24:20</reference>).

20. his lamp-- (Compare Pr 13:9; 24:20).


<hi type="bold">21. gotten hastily--</hi>contrary to God's providence (<reference osisRef="Prov.28.20">Pr 28:20</reference>), implying its unjust or easy attainment; hence the man is punished, or spends freely what he got easily (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.20.17">Pr 20:17</reference>).

21. gotten hastily-- contrary to God's providence (Pr 28:20), implying its unjust or easy attainment; hence the man is punished, or spends freely what he got easily (compare Pr 20:17).


22. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.27.14">Psa 27:14</reference>; <reference osisRef="Rom.12.17-Rom.12.19">Ro 12:17-19</reference>).

22. (Compare Psa 27:14; Ro 12:17-19).


23. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.20.10">Pr 20:10</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.11.1">11:1</reference>).

23. (Compare Pr 20:10; 11:1).


<hi type="bold">24. Man's goings--</hi>literally, "Stately steppings of a strong man."

<hi type="bold">a man--</hi>any common man.

<hi type="bold">understand--</hi>or, "perceive."

24. Man's goings-- literally, "Stately steppings of a strong man." a man-- any common man. understand-- or, "perceive."


<hi type="bold">25. devoureth ... holy--</hi>or, better, "who rashly speaks promises," or "devotes what is holy," consecrating any thing. This suits better the last clause, which expresses a similar view of the results of rashly vowing.

25. devoureth... holy-- or, better, "who rashly speaks promises," or "devotes what is holy," consecrating any thing. This suits better the last clause, which expresses a similar view of the results of rashly vowing.


26. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.20.8">Pr 20:8</reference>).

<hi type="bold">bringeth ... over them--</hi>The wheel was used for threshing grain. The figure denotes severity (compare <reference osisRef="Amos.1.3">Am 1:3</reference>).

26. (Compare Pr 20:8). bringeth... over them-- The wheel was used for threshing grain. The figure denotes severity (compare Am 1:3).


<hi type="bold">27. The spirit ... Lord--</hi>Men's minds are God's gifts, and thus able to search one another (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.20.5">Pr 20:5</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.18.8">Pr 18:8</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.18.17">17</reference>; <reference osisRef="1Cor.2.11">1Co 2:11</reference>).

27. The spirit... Lord-- Men's minds are God's gifts, and thus able to search one another (compare Pr 20:5; Pr 18:8, 17; 1Co 2:11).


28. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.3.3">Pr 3:3</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.16.6">16:6</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.16.12">12</reference>).

28. (Compare Pr 3:3; 16:6, 12).


<hi type="bold">29. The glory of young men ... the beauty of old men--</hi>Each age has its peculiar excellence (<reference osisRef="Prov.16.31">Pr 16:31</reference>).

29. The glory of young men... the beauty of old men-- Each age has its peculiar excellence (Pr 16:31).


<hi type="bold">30. blueness--</hi>literally, "joining," the process of uniting the edges of a wound throws off purulent matter.

<hi type="bold">stripes ... belly--</hi>So punishment provides healing of soul (<reference osisRef="Prov.18.8">Pr 18:8</reference>), by deterring from evil courses. <chapter eID="Prov.20"/>

30. blueness-- literally, "joining," the process of uniting the edges of a wound throws off purulent matter. stripes... belly-- So punishment provides healing of soul (Pr 18:8), by deterring from evil courses.


<title type="x-s2">CHAPTER 21</title>
 <reference osisRef="Prov.21.1-Prov.21.31">Pr 21:1-31</reference>.

<hi type="bold">1. rivers--</hi>irrigating channels (<reference osisRef="Ps.1.3">Psa 1:3</reference>), whose course was easily turned (compare <reference osisRef="Deut.11.10">De 11:10</reference>). God disposes even kings as He pleases (<reference osisRef="Prov.16.9">Pr 16:9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.33.15">Psa 33:15</reference>).

CHAPTER 21 Pr 21:1-31. 1. rivers-- irrigating channels (Psa 1:3), whose course was easily turned (compare De 11:10). God disposes even kings as He pleases (Pr 16:9; Psa 33:15).


2. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.14.2">Pr 14:2</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.16.2-Prov.16.25">16:2-25</reference>).

2. (Compare Pr 14:2; 16:2-25).


3. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.50.7-Ps.50.15">Psa 50:7-15</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.1.11">Is 1:11</reference>, <reference osisRef="1Cor.1.17">17</reference>).

3. (Compare Psa 50:7-15; Is 1:11, 17).


<hi type="bold">4. high look--</hi>(Compare Margin; <reference osisRef="Ps.131.1">Psa 131:1</reference>).

<hi type="bold">proud heart--</hi>or, "heart of breadth," one that is swollen (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.101.5">Psa 101:5</reference>).

<hi type="bold">ploughing--</hi>better "lamp," a frequent figure for prosperity (<reference osisRef="Prov.20.20">Pr 20:20</reference>); hence joy or delight.

4. high look-- (Compare Margin; Psa 131:1). proud heart-- or, "heart of breadth," one that is swollen (compare Psa 101:5). ploughing-- better "lamp," a frequent figure for prosperity (Pr 20:20); hence joy or delight.


5. The contrast is between steady industry and rashness (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.19.2">Pr 19:2</reference>).

5. The contrast is between steady industry and rashness (compare Pr 19:2).


<hi type="bold">6. The getting--</hi>or, "what is obtained" (compare <reference osisRef="Job.7.2">Job 7:2</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jer.22.13">Jr 22:13</reference>, Hebrew).

<hi type="bold">vanity ... to and fro--</hi>as fleeting as chaff or stubble in the wind (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.20.17-Prov.20.21">Pr 20:17-21</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.62.10">Psa 62:10</reference>). Such gettings are unsatisfactory.

<hi type="bold">them ... death--</hi>act as if they did (<reference osisRef="Prov.8.36">Pr 8:36</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.17.19">17:19</reference>).

6. The getting-- or, "what is obtained" (compare Job 7:2; Jr 22:13, Hebrew). vanity... to and fro-- as fleeting as chaff or stubble in the wind (compare Pr 20:17-21; Psa 62:10). Such gettings are unsatisfactory. them... death-- act as if they did (Pr 8:36; 17:19).


<hi type="bold">7. robbery--</hi>or, "destruction," especially oppression, of which they are authors.

<hi type="bold">shall destroy--</hi>literally, "cut with a saw" (<reference osisRef="1Kgs.7.9">1Ki 7:9</reference>), that is, utterly ruin them. Their sins shall be visited on them in kind.

<hi type="bold">to do judgment--</hi>what is just and right.

7. robbery-- or, "destruction," especially oppression, of which they are authors. shall destroy-- literally, "cut with a saw" (1Ki 7:9), that is, utterly ruin them. Their sins shall be visited on them in kind. to do judgment-- what is just and right.


<hi type="bold">8. of man--</hi>any one; his way is opposed to truth, and also estranged from it. The pure proves himself such by his right conduct.

8. of man-- any one; his way is opposed to truth, and also estranged from it. The pure proves himself such by his right conduct.


<hi type="bold">9. corner--</hi>a turret or arbor on the roof.

<hi type="bold">brawling--</hi>or contentious.

<hi type="bold">wide house--</hi>literally, "house of fellowship," large enough for several families.

9. corner-- a turret or arbor on the roof. brawling-- or contentious. wide house-- literally, "house of fellowship," large enough for several families.


10. So strongly does he desire to do evil (<reference osisRef="Ps.10.3">Psa 10:3</reference>; <reference osisRef="Eccl.8.11">Ec 8:11</reference>), that he will not even spare his friend if in his way.

10. So strongly does he desire to do evil (Psa 10:3; Ec 8:11), that he will not even spare his friend if in his way.


11. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.19.25">Pr 19:25</reference>). That which the simple learn by the terrors of punishment, the wise learn by teaching.

11. (Compare Pr 19:25). That which the simple learn by the terrors of punishment, the wise learn by teaching.


12. (Compare Psa 37:35-38; 73:17, 20).

<hi type="bold">house--</hi>family or interests.

<hi type="bold">overthroweth--</hi>either supply "God" (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.10.24">Pr 10:24</reference>), or the word is used impersonally.

12. (Compare Psa 37:35-38; 73:17, 20). house-- family or interests. overthroweth-- either supply "God" (compare Pr 10:24), or the word is used impersonally.


13. The principles of retribution, often taught (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.18.26">Psa 18:26</reference>; <reference osisRef="Matt.7.1-Matt.7.12">Mt 7:1-12</reference>).

13. The principles of retribution, often taught (compare Psa 18:26; Mt 7:1-12).


14. The effect of bribery (<reference osisRef="Prov.17.23">Pr 17:23</reference>) is enhanced by secrecy, as the bribed person does not wish his motives made known.

14. The effect of bribery (Pr 17:23) is enhanced by secrecy, as the bribed person does not wish his motives made known.


15. But the just love right and need no bribes. The wicked at last meet destruction, though for a time happy in concealing corruption.


<hi type="bold">16. the way of understanding--</hi>(Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.12.26">Pr 12:26</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.14.22">14:22</reference>).

<hi type="bold">remain--</hi>that is, rest as at a journey's end; death will be his unchanging home.

16. the way of understanding-- (Compare Pr 12:26; 14:22). remain-- that is, rest as at a journey's end; death will be his unchanging home.


17. Costly luxuries impoverish.


18. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.11.8">Pr 11:8</reference>). By suffering what they had devised for the righteous, or brought on them, the wicked became their ransom, in the usual sense of substitutes (compare <reference osisRef="Josh.7.26">Jos 7:26</reference>; <reference osisRef="Esth.7.9">Es 7:9</reference>).

18. (Compare Pr 11:8). By suffering what they had devised for the righteous, or brought on them, the wicked became their ransom, in the usual sense of substitutes (compare Jos 7:26; Es 7:9).


19. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.21.9">Pr 21:9</reference>).

<hi type="bold">wilderness--</hi>pasture, though uninhabitable ground (<reference osisRef="Ps.65.12">Psa 65:12</reference>).

19. (Compare Pr 21:9). wilderness-- pasture, though uninhabitable ground (Psa 65:12).


20. The wise, by diligence and care, lay up and increase wealth, while fools

<hi type="bold">spend--</hi>literally, "swallow it up," greedily.

20. The wise, by diligence and care, lay up and increase wealth, while fools spend-- literally, "swallow it up," greedily.


21. He who tries to act justly and kindly (<reference osisRef="Ps.34.14">Psa 34:14</reference>) will prosper and obtain justice and honor.

21. He who tries to act justly and kindly (Psa 34:14) will prosper and obtain justice and honor.


22. "Wisdom is better than strength" (<reference osisRef="Eccl.7.19">Ec 7:19</reference>; <reference osisRef="Eccl.9.15">9:15</reference>).

<hi type="bold">strength ... thereof--</hi>that in which they confide.

22. "Wisdom is better than strength" (Ec 7:19; 9:15). strength... thereof-- that in which they confide.


23. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.13.2">Pr 13:2</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.13.3">3</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jas.3.6-Jas.3.10">Jas 3:6-10</reference>).

23. (Compare Pr 13:2, 3; Jas 3:6-10).


24. The reproachful name is deserved by those who treat others with anger and contempt.


<hi type="bold">25. desire--</hi>that is, of ease and idleness brings him to starvation.

25. desire-- that is, of ease and idleness brings him to starvation.


26. The sin of covetousness marks the sluggard, as the virtue of benevolence the righteous.


27. God regards the heart, and hypocrisy is more odious than open inconsistency.

<hi type="bold">wicked mind--</hi>or, "design" (<reference osisRef="Prov.1.4">Pr 1:4</reference>).

27. God regards the heart, and hypocrisy is more odious than open inconsistency. wicked mind-- or, "design" (Pr 1:4).


28. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.19.5">Pr 19:5</reference>).

<hi type="bold">that heareth--</hi>or heeds instruction, and so grows wise.

<hi type="bold">speaketh constantly--</hi>or sincerely (compare <reference osisRef="Hab.1.5">Ha 1:5</reference>), and hence is believed (<reference osisRef="Prov.12.19">Pr 12:19</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jas.1.19">Jas 1:19</reference>).

28. (Compare Pr 19:5). that heareth-- or heeds instruction, and so grows wise. speaketh constantly-- or sincerely (compare Ha 1:5), and hence is believed (Pr 12:19; Jas 1:19).


<hi type="bold">29. hardeneth his face--</hi>is obstinate.

<hi type="bold">directeth ... way--</hi>considers it, and acts advisedly.

29. hardeneth his face-- is obstinate. directeth... way-- considers it, and acts advisedly.


30-31. Men's best devices and reliances are vain compared with God's, or without His aid (<reference osisRef="Prov.19.21">Pr 19:21</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.20.7">Psa 20:7</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.33.17">33:17</reference>). <chapter eID="Prov.21"/>

30-31. Men's best devices and reliances are vain compared with God's, or without His aid (Pr 19:21; Psa 20:7; 33:17).


<title type="x-s2">CHAPTER 22</title>
 <reference osisRef="Prov.22.1-Prov.22.29">Pr 22:1-29</reference>.

<hi type="bold">1. A good name--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Job.30.8">Job 30:8</reference>, Hebrew); "good" is supplied here from <reference osisRef="Eccl.7.1">Ec 7:1</reference>.

<hi type="bold">loving favour--</hi>kind regard, that is, of the wise and good.

CHAPTER 22 Pr 22:1-29. 1. A good name-- (Job 30:8, Hebrew); "good" is supplied here from Ec 7:1. loving favour-- kind regard, that is, of the wise and good.


2. Before God all are on the same footing (<reference osisRef="Prov.14.31">Pr 14:31</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.17.5">17:5</reference>).

2. Before God all are on the same footing (Pr 14:31; 17:5).


<hi type="bold">3. are punished--</hi>that is, for their temerity; for the evil is not necessarily punitive, as the prudent might otherwise be its objects.

3. are punished-- that is, for their temerity; for the evil is not necessarily punitive, as the prudent might otherwise be its objects.


<hi type="bold">4. humility and the fear of the Lord--</hi>are in apposition; one produces the other. On the results, compare <reference osisRef="Prov.3.16">Pr 3:16</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.8.18">8:18</reference>.

4. humility and the fear of the Lord-- are in apposition; one produces the other. On the results, compare Pr 3:16; 8:18.


<hi type="bold">5. he that ... them--</hi>Those who properly watch over their own souls are thus preserved from the dangers which attend the way of perverse men (<reference osisRef="Prov.16.17">Pr 16:17</reference>).

5. he that... them-- Those who properly watch over their own souls are thus preserved from the dangers which attend the way of perverse men (Pr 16:17).


<hi type="bold">6. Train--</hi>initiate, or early instruct.

<hi type="bold">the way--</hi>literally, "his way," that selected for him in which he should go; for early training secures habitual walking in it.

6. Train-- initiate, or early instruct. the way-- literally, "his way," that selected for him in which he should go; for early training secures habitual walking in it.


7. The influence of wealth sets aside moral distinctions is implied, and, of course, disapproved (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.19.6">Pr 19:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.21.14">21:14</reference>, &c.).

7. The influence of wealth sets aside moral distinctions is implied, and, of course, disapproved (compare Pr 19:6; 21:14, &c.).


8. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.11.18">Pr 11:18</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.109.16-Ps.109.20">Psa 109:16-20</reference>; <reference osisRef="Gal.6.7">Ga 6:7</reference>, <reference osisRef="Gal.6.8">8</reference>).

<hi type="bold">the rod ... fail--</hi>His power to do evil will be destroyed.

8. (Compare Pr 11:18; Psa 109:16-20; Ga 6:7, 8). the rod... fail-- His power to do evil will be destroyed.


<hi type="bold">9. a bountiful eye--</hi>that is, a beneficent disposition.

<hi type="bold">for he giveth ... poor--</hi>His acts prove it.

9. a bountiful eye-- that is, a beneficent disposition. for he giveth... poor-- His acts prove it.


<hi type="bold">10. Cast out--</hi>or drive away. Scorners foster strife by taunts and revilings.

10. Cast out-- or drive away. Scorners foster strife by taunts and revilings.


11. (Compare Margin).

<hi type="bold">pureness of heart--</hi>and gentle, kind words win favor, even from kings.

11. (Compare Margin). pureness of heart-- and gentle, kind words win favor, even from kings.


<hi type="bold">12. preserve--</hi>or guard.

<hi type="bold">knowledge--</hi>its principles and possessors.

<hi type="bold">overthroweth--</hi>utterly confounds and destroys the wicked.

12. preserve-- or guard. knowledge-- its principles and possessors. overthroweth-- utterly confounds and destroys the wicked.


13. Frivolous excuses satisfy the indolent man's conscience.


<hi type="bold">14. The mouth--</hi>or flattering speeches (<reference osisRef="Prov.5.3">Pr 5:3</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.7.5">7:5</reference>) ensnare man, as pits, beasts. God makes their own sin their punishment.

14. The mouth-- or flattering speeches (Pr 5:3; 7:5) ensnare man, as pits, beasts. God makes their own sin their punishment.


<hi type="bold">15. is bound--</hi>or firmly fixed. Chastisement deters from crime and so leads to reformation of principle.

15. is bound-- or firmly fixed. Chastisement deters from crime and so leads to reformation of principle.


16. These two vices pertain to the same selfish feeling. Both are deservedly odious to God and incur punishment.


17. Here begins another division of the book, marked by those encouragements to the pursuit of wisdom, which are found in the earlier chapters. It will be observed that at Pr 22:22-24:12, the proverbs are generally expressed in two verses instead of one (see Introduction).


18. These lessons must be laid up in the mind, and

<hi type="bold">fitted--</hi>or better, "fixed" in the lips so as to be ever ready.

18. These lessons must be laid up in the mind, and fitted-- or better, "fixed" in the lips so as to be ever ready.


<hi type="bold">19. That ... Lord--</hi>This is the design of the instruction.

19. That... Lord-- This is the design of the instruction.


<hi type="bold">20. excellent things--</hi>or probably of former times.

<hi type="bold">counsels and knowledge--</hi>both advice and instruction.

20. excellent things-- or probably of former times. counsels and knowledge-- both advice and instruction.


21. Specially he desires to secure accuracy, so that his pupil may teach others.


22-23. Here follow ten precepts of two verses each. Though men fail to defend the poor, God will (<reference osisRef="Prov.17.5">Pr 17:5</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.12.5">Psa 12:5</reference>).

<hi type="bold">in the gate--</hi>place of public gathering (<reference osisRef="Job.5.4">Job 5:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.69.12">Psa 69:12</reference>).

22-23. Here follow ten precepts of two verses each. Though men fail to defend the poor, God will (Pr 17:5; Psa 12:5). in the gate-- place of public gathering (Job 5:4; Psa 69:12).


24-25. (Compare Pr 2:12-15; 4:14).


26-27. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.6.1">Pr 6:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.17.18">17:18</reference>).

26-27. (Compare Pr 6:1; 17:18).


28. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.23.10">Pr 23:10</reference>). Do not entrench on others (<reference osisRef="Deut.19.14">De 19:14</reference>; <reference osisRef="Deut.27.17">27:17</reference>).

28. (Compare Pr 23:10). Do not entrench on others (De 19:14; 27:17).


29. Success rewards diligence (<reference osisRef="Prov.10.4">Pr 10:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.21.5">21:5</reference>). <chapter eID="Prov.22"/>

29. Success rewards diligence (Pr 10:4; 21:5).


<title type="x-s2">CHAPTER 23</title>
 <reference osisRef="Prov.23.1-Prov.23.35">Pr 23:1-35</reference>.

1. Avoid the dangers of gluttony.

CHAPTER 23 Pr 23:1-35. 1. Avoid the dangers of gluttony.


<hi type="bold">2. put a knife--</hi>an Eastern figure for putting restraint on the appetite.

2. put a knife-- an Eastern figure for putting restraint on the appetite.


<hi type="bold">3. are deceitful meat--</hi>though well tasted, injurious.

3. are deceitful meat-- though well tasted, injurious.


4-5. (Compare <reference osisRef="1Tim.6.9">1Ti 6:9</reference>, <reference osisRef="1Tim.6.10">10</reference>).

<hi type="bold">thine own wisdom--</hi>which regards riches intrinsically as a blessing.

4-5. (Compare 1Ti 6:9, 10). thine own wisdom-- which regards riches intrinsically as a blessing.


6-8. Beware of deceitful men, whose courtesies even you will repent of having accepted.

<hi type="bold">evil eye--</hi>or purpose (<reference osisRef="Prov.22.9">Pr 22:9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Deut.15.9">De 15:9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Matt.6.23">Mt 6:23</reference>).

6-8. Beware of deceitful men, whose courtesies even you will repent of having accepted. evil eye-- or purpose (Pr 22:9; De 15:9; Mt 6:23).


9. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.9.8">Pr 9:8</reference>). "Cast not your pearls before swine" (<reference osisRef="Matt.7.6">Mt 7:6</reference>).

9. (Compare Pr 9:8). "Cast not your pearls before swine" (Mt 7:6).


10-11. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.22.22">Pr 22:22</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.22.23">23</reference>).

10-11. (Compare Pr 22:22, 23).


12. Here begins another series of precepts.


13-14. While there is little danger that the use of the "divine ordinance of the rod" will produce bodily harm, there is great hope of spiritual good.


15-16. The pleasure afforded the teacher by the pupil's progress is a motive to diligence.


17-18. (Compare Margin). The prosperity of the wicked is short.


<hi type="bold">19-21. guide ... way--</hi>or direct thy thoughts to a right course of conduct (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.4.4">Pr 4:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.9.6">9:6</reference>).

19-21. guide... way-- or direct thy thoughts to a right course of conduct (compare Pr 4:4; 9:6).


<hi type="bold">22. Hearken--</hi>that is, obey (<reference osisRef="Prov.1.8">Pr 1:8</reference>; <reference osisRef="Eph.6.1">Ep 6:1</reference>).

<hi type="bold">despise ... old--</hi>Adults revere the parents whom, as children, they once obeyed.

22. Hearken-- that is, obey (Pr 1:8; Ep 6:1). despise... old-- Adults revere the parents whom, as children, they once obeyed.


<hi type="bold">23. Buy--</hi>literally, "get" (<reference osisRef="Prov.4.5">Pr 4:5</reference>).

<hi type="bold">truth--</hi>generally and specially as opposed to errors of all kinds.

23. Buy-- literally, "get" (Pr 4:5). truth-- generally and specially as opposed to errors of all kinds.


24-25. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.10.1">Pr 10:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.17.21">17:21</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.17.25">25</reference>).

24-25. (Compare Pr 10:1; 17:21, 25).


26-35. A solemn warning against whoredom and drunkenness (<reference osisRef="Hos.4.11">Ho 4:11</reference>).

<hi type="bold">give me--</hi>This is the address of that divine wisdom so often presented (<reference osisRef="Prov.8.1">Pr 8:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.9.3">9:3</reference>, &c.).

<hi type="bold">heart--</hi>confidence.

<hi type="bold">observe--</hi>keep.

<hi type="bold">my ways--</hi>such as I teach you (<reference osisRef="Prov.3.17">Pr 3:17</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.9.6">9:6</reference>).

26-35. A solemn warning against whoredom and drunkenness (Ho 4:11). give me-- This is the address of that divine wisdom so often presented (Pr 8:1; 9:3, &c.). heart-- confidence. observe-- keep. my ways-- such as I teach you (Pr 3:17; 9:6).


<title type="x-s2">CHAPTER 24</title>
 <reference osisRef="Prov.24.1-Prov.24.34">Pr 24:1-34</reference>.

1-2. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.23.3">Pr 23:3</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.23.17">17</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.37.1">Psa 37:1</reference>).

CHAPTER 24 Pr 24:1-34. 1-2. (Compare Pr 23:3, 17; Psa 37:1).


3-4. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.14.1">Pr 14:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.54.14">Is 54:14</reference>).

<hi type="bold">house--</hi>including the family.

3-4. (Compare Pr 14:1; Is 54:14). house-- including the family.


5-6. The general statement (<reference osisRef="Eccl.9.16">Ec 9:16</reference>, <reference osisRef="Eccl.9.18">18</reference>) is specially illustrated (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.21.22">Pr 21:22</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.144.1">Psa 144:1</reference>).

5-6. The general statement (Ec 9:16, 18) is specially illustrated (compare Pr 21:22; Psa 144:1).


7. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.14.16">Pr 14:16</reference>).

<hi type="bold">in the gate--</hi>(Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.22.22">Pr 22:22</reference>).

7. (Compare Pr 14:16). in the gate-- (Compare Pr 22:22).


8. So called even if he fails to do evil.


9. Same thought varied.


10. Literally, "If thou fail in the day of straits (adversity), strait (or, small) is thy strength," which is then truly tested.


11-12. Neglect of known duty is sin (<reference osisRef="Jas.4.17">Jas 4:17</reference>).

<hi type="bold">ready--</hi>literally, "bowing down"

<hi type="bold">to be slain--</hi>that is, unjustly. God's retributive justice cannot be avoided by professed ignorance.

11-12. Neglect of known duty is sin (Jas 4:17). ready-- literally, "bowing down" to be slain-- that is, unjustly. God's retributive justice cannot be avoided by professed ignorance.


13-14. As delicious food whets the appetite, so should the rewards of wisdom excite us to seek it.


15-16. The plots of the wicked against the good, though partially, shall not be fully successful (<reference osisRef="Ps.37.24">Psa 37:24</reference>); while the wicked, falling under penal evil, find no help.

15-16. The plots of the wicked against the good, though partially, shall not be fully successful (Psa 37:24); while the wicked, falling under penal evil, find no help.


17-18. Yet let none rejoice over the fate of evildoers, lest God punish their wrong spirit by relieving the sufferer (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.17.5">Pr 17:5</reference>; <reference osisRef="Job.31.29">Job 31:29</reference>).

17-18. Yet let none rejoice over the fate of evildoers, lest God punish their wrong spirit by relieving the sufferer (compare Pr 17:5; Job 31:29).


19-20. (<reference osisRef="Ps.37.1">Psa 37:1</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ps.37.38">38</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.18.28">18:28</reference>).

19-20. (Psa 37:1, 38; 18:28).


21-22. A warning against impiety and resistance to lawful rule (<reference osisRef="Rom.13.1-Rom.13.7">Ro 13:1-7</reference>; <reference osisRef="1Pet.2.17">1Pe 2:17</reference>).

<hi type="bold">meddle ... change--</hi>(Compare Margin), literally, "mingle not yourself," avoid the society of restless persons.

21-22. A warning against impiety and resistance to lawful rule (Ro 13:1-7; 1Pe 2:17). meddle... change-- (Compare Margin), literally, "mingle not yourself," avoid the society of restless persons.


<hi type="bold">23. These ... wise--</hi>literally, "are of the wise," as authors (compare "Psalms of David," Hebrew). "These" refers to the verses following, <reference osisRef="Prov.24.24-Prov.24.34">Pr 24:24-34</reference>.

<hi type="bold">to have respect--</hi>literally, "to discern faces," show partiality,

23. These... wise-- literally, "are of the wise," as authors (compare "Psalms of David," Hebrew). "These" refers to the verses following, Pr 24:24-34. to have respect-- literally, "to discern faces," show partiality,


24-25. of which an example is justifying the wicked, to which is opposed, rebuking him, which has a blessing.


<hi type="bold">26. kiss his lips--</hi>love and obey, do homage (<reference osisRef="Ps.2.12">Psa 2:12</reference>; <reference osisRef="Song.8.1">So 8:1</reference>).

<hi type="bold">right answer--</hi>literally, "plain words" (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.8.9">Pr 8:9</reference>), opposed to deceptive, or obscure.

26. kiss his lips-- love and obey, do homage (Psa 2:12; So 8:1). right answer-- literally, "plain words" (compare Pr 8:9), opposed to deceptive, or obscure.


<hi type="bold">27. Prepare ... in the field--</hi>Secure, by diligence, a proper support, and then build; provide necessaries, then comforts, to which a house rather pertained, in a mild climate, permitting the use of tents.

27. Prepare... in the field-- Secure, by diligence, a proper support, and then build; provide necessaries, then comforts, to which a house rather pertained, in a mild climate, permitting the use of tents.


28. Do not speak even truth needlessly against any, and never falsehood.


29. Especially avoid retaliation (<reference osisRef="Matt.5.43-Matt.5.45">Mt 5:43-45</reference>; <reference osisRef="Rom.12.17">Ro 12:17</reference>).

29. Especially avoid retaliation (Mt 5:43-45; Ro 12:17).


30-31. A striking picture of the effects of sloth.


32-34. From the folly of the sluggard learn wisdom (<reference osisRef="Prov.6.10">Pr 6:10</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.6.11">11</reference>). <chapter eID="Prov.24"/>

32-34. From the folly of the sluggard learn wisdom (Pr 6:10, 11).


<title type="x-s2">CHAPTER 25</title>
 <reference osisRef="Prov.25.1-Prov.25.28">Pr 25:1-28</reference>.

1. The character of these proverbs sustains the title (see Introduction).

<hi type="bold">also--</hi>refers to the former part of the book.

<hi type="bold">copied out--</hi>literally, "transferred," that is, from some other book to this; not given from memory.

CHAPTER 25 Pr 25:1-28. 1. The character of these proverbs sustains the title (see Introduction). also-- refers to the former part of the book. copied out-- literally, "transferred," that is, from some other book to this; not given from memory.


2. God's unsearchableness impresses us with awe (compare <reference osisRef="Isa.45.15">Is 45:15</reference>; <reference osisRef="Rom.11.33">Ro 11:33</reference>). But kings, being finite, should confer with wise counsellors;

2. God's unsearchableness impresses us with awe (compare Is 45:15; Ro 11:33). But kings, being finite, should confer with wise counsellors;


3. Ye wisely keeping state secrets, which to common men are as inaccessible heights and depths.


4-5. As separating impurities from ore leaves pure silver, so taking from a king wicked counsellors leaves a wise and beneficent government.


6-7. Do not intrude into the presence of the king, for the elevation of the humble is honorable, but the humbling of the proud disgraceful (<reference osisRef="Luke.14.8-Luke.14.10">Lu 14:8-10</reference>).

6-7. Do not intrude into the presence of the king, for the elevation of the humble is honorable, but the humbling of the proud disgraceful (Lu 14:8-10).


8. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.3.30">Pr 3:30</reference>).

<hi type="bold">lest ... shame--</hi>lest you do what you ought not, when shamed by defeat, or "lest thou art shut out from doing any thing."

8. (Compare Pr 3:30). lest... shame-- lest you do what you ought not, when shamed by defeat, or "lest thou art shut out from doing any thing."


9-10. (Compare <reference osisRef="Matt.5.25">Mt 5:25</reference>, Margin).

<hi type="bold">secret--</hi>that is, of your opponent, for his disadvantage, and so you be disgraced, not having discussed your difficulties with him.

9-10. (Compare Mt 5:25, Margin). secret-- that is, of your opponent, for his disadvantage, and so you be disgraced, not having discussed your difficulties with him.


<hi type="bold">11. a word fitly--</hi>literally, "quickly," as wheels roll, just in time. The comparison as apples ... silver gives a like sense.

<hi type="bold">apples, &c.--</hi>either real apples of golden color, in a silver network basket, or imitations on silver embroidery.

11. a word fitly-- literally, "quickly," as wheels roll, just in time. The comparison as apples... silver gives a like sense. apples, &c.-- either real apples of golden color, in a silver network basket, or imitations on silver embroidery.


12. Those who desire to know and do rightly, most highly esteem good counsel (<reference osisRef="Prov.9.9">Pr 9:9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.15.31">15:31</reference>). The listening ear is better than one hung with gold.

12. Those who desire to know and do rightly, most highly esteem good counsel (Pr 9:9; 15:31). The listening ear is better than one hung with gold.


13. Snow from mountains was used to cool drinks; so refreshing is a faithful messenger (<reference osisRef="Prov.13.17">Pr 13:17</reference>).

13. Snow from mountains was used to cool drinks; so refreshing is a faithful messenger (Pr 13:17).


<hi type="bold">14. clouds--</hi>literally, "vapors" (<reference osisRef="Jer.10.13">Jr 10:13</reference>), clouds only in appearance.

<hi type="bold">a false gift--</hi>promised, but not given.

14. clouds-- literally, "vapors" (Jr 10:13), clouds only in appearance. a false gift-- promised, but not given.


15. Gentleness and kindness overcome the most powerful and obstinate.

<hi type="bold">long forbearing--</hi>or, "slowness to anger" (<reference osisRef="Prov.14.29">Pr 14:29</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.15.18">15:18</reference>).

15. Gentleness and kindness overcome the most powerful and obstinate. long forbearing-- or, "slowness to anger" (Pr 14:29; 15:18).


16-17. A comparison, as a surfeit of honey produces physical disgust, so your company, however agreeable in moderation, may, if excessive, lead your friend to hate you.


18. A false witness is as destructive to reputation, as such weapons to the body (<reference osisRef="Prov.24.28">Pr 24:28</reference>).

<hi type="bold">beareth ... witness--</hi>literally, "answereth questions," as before a judge, against his neighbor.

18. A false witness is as destructive to reputation, as such weapons to the body (Pr 24:28). beareth... witness-- literally, "answereth questions," as before a judge, against his neighbor.


19. Treachery annoys as well as deceives.


20. Not only is the incongruity of songs (that is, joyful) and sadness meant, but an accession of sadness, by want of sympathy, is implied.


21-22. (Compare <reference osisRef="Matt.5.44">Mt 5:44</reference>; <reference osisRef="Rom.12.20">Ro 12:20</reference>). As metals are melted by heaping coals upon them, so is the heart softened by kindness.

21-22. (Compare Mt 5:44; Ro 12:20). As metals are melted by heaping coals upon them, so is the heart softened by kindness.


23. Better, "As the north wind bringeth forth (<reference osisRef="Ps.90.2">Psa 90:2</reference>) or produces rain, so does a concealed or slandering tongue produce anger."

23. Better, "As the north wind bringeth forth (Psa 90:2) or produces rain, so does a concealed or slandering tongue produce anger."


24. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.21.9">Pr 21:9</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.21.19">19</reference>).

24. (Compare Pr 21:9, 19).


25. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.25.13">Pr 25:13</reference>).

<hi type="bold">good news--</hi>that is, of some loved interest or absent friend, the more grateful as coming from afar.

25. (Compare Pr 25:13). good news-- that is, of some loved interest or absent friend, the more grateful as coming from afar.


26. From troubled fountains and corrupt springs no healthy water is to be had, so when the righteous are oppressed by the wicked, their power for good is lessened or destroyed.


27. Satiety surfeits (<reference osisRef="Prov.25.16">Pr 25:16</reference>); so men who are self-glorious find shame.

<hi type="bold">is not glory--</hi>"not" is supplied from the first clause, or "is grievous," in which sense a similar word is used (<reference osisRef="Prov.27.2">Pr 27:2</reference>).

27. Satiety surfeits (Pr 25:16); so men who are self-glorious find shame. is not glory-- "not" is supplied from the first clause, or "is grievous," in which sense a similar word is used (Pr 27:2).


28. Such are exposed to the incursions of evil thoughts and successful temptations. <chapter eID="Prov.25"/>


<title type="x-s2">CHAPTER 26</title>
 <reference osisRef="Prov.26.1-Prov.26.28">Pr 26:1-28</reference>.

1. The incongruities of nature illustrate also those of the moral world. The fool's unworthiness is also implied (<reference osisRef="Prov.17.7">Pr 17:7</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.19.10">19:10</reference>).

CHAPTER 26 Pr 26:1-28. 1. The incongruities of nature illustrate also those of the moral world. The fool's unworthiness is also implied (Pr 17:7; 19:10).


2. Though not obvious to us,

<hi type="bold">the bird--</hi>literally, "sparrow"--and

<hi type="bold">swallow--</hi>have an object in their motions, so penal evil falls on none without a reason.

2. Though not obvious to us, the bird-- literally, "sparrow"--and swallow-- have an object in their motions, so penal evil falls on none without a reason.


3. The rod is as much needed by fools and as well suited to them, as whips and bridles are for beasts.


<hi type="bold">4-5. Answer not--</hi>that is, approvingly by like folly.

4-5. Answer not-- that is, approvingly by like folly.


6. A fool fails by folly as surely as if he were maimed.

<hi type="bold">drinketh damage--</hi>that is, gets it abundantly (<reference osisRef="Job.15.16">Job 15:16</reference>; <reference osisRef="Job.34.7">34:7</reference>).

6. A fool fails by folly as surely as if he were maimed. drinketh damage-- that is, gets it abundantly (Job 15:16; 34:7).


<hi type="bold">7. legs ... equal--</hi>or, "take away the legs," or "the legs ... are weak." In any case the idea is that they are the occasion of an awkwardness, such as the fool shows in using a parable or proverb (see Introduction; <reference osisRef="Prov.17.7">Pr 17:7</reference>).

7. legs... equal-- or, "take away the legs," or "the legs... are weak." In any case the idea is that they are the occasion of an awkwardness, such as the fool shows in using a parable or proverb (see Introduction; Pr 17:7).


8. A stone, bound in a sling, is useless; so honor, conferred on a fool, is thrown away.


9. As vexatious and unmanageable as a thorn in a drunkard's hand is a parable to a fool. He will be as apt to misuse is as to use it rightly.


<hi type="bold">10. Various versions of this are proposed (compare Margin). Better perhaps--</hi>"Much He injures (or literally, "wounds") all who reward," &c., that is, society is injured by encouraging evil men.

<hi type="bold">transgressors--</hi>may be rendered "vagrants." The word "God" is improperly supplied.

10. Various versions of this are proposed (compare Margin). Better perhaps-- "Much He injures (or literally, "wounds") all who reward," &c., that is, society is injured by encouraging evil men. transgressors-- may be rendered "vagrants." The word "God" is improperly supplied.


<hi type="bold">11. returneth ... folly--</hi>Though disgusting to others, the fool delights in his folly.

11. returneth... folly-- Though disgusting to others, the fool delights in his folly.


12. The self-conceited are taught with more difficulty than the stupid.


13. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.22.13">Pr 22:13</reference>).

13. (Compare Pr 22:13).


14. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.6.10">Pr 6:10</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.24.33">24:33</reference>).

14. (Compare Pr 6:10; 24:33).


15. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.19.24">Pr 19:24</reference>).

15. (Compare Pr 19:24).


16. The thoughtless being ignorant of their ignorance are conceited.


<hi type="bold">17. meddleth--</hi>as in <reference osisRef="Prov.20.19">Pr 20:19</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.24.21">24:21</reference>; as either holding a dog by the ears or letting him go involves danger, so success in another man's strife or failure involves a useless risk of reputation, does no good, and may do us harm.

17. meddleth-- as in Pr 20:19; 24:21; as either holding a dog by the ears or letting him go involves danger, so success in another man's strife or failure involves a useless risk of reputation, does no good, and may do us harm.


18-19. Such are reckless of results.


20-21. The talebearers foster (<reference osisRef="Prov.16.28">Pr 16:28</reference>), and the contentious excite, strife.

20-21. The talebearers foster (Pr 16:28), and the contentious excite, strife.


22. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.18.8">Pr 18:8</reference>).

22. (Compare Pr 18:8).


23. Warm professions can no more give value to insincerity than silver coating to rude earthenware.


<hi type="bold">24. dissembleth--</hi>though an unusual sense of the word (compare Margin), is allowable, and better suits the context, which sets forth hypocrisy.

24. dissembleth-- though an unusual sense of the word (compare Margin), is allowable, and better suits the context, which sets forth hypocrisy.


25. Sentiment of <reference osisRef="Prov.26.24">Pr 26:24</reference> carried out.

<hi type="bold">seven abominations in his heart--</hi>that is, very many (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.24.16">Pr 24:16</reference>).

25. Sentiment of Pr 26:24 carried out. seven abominations in his heart-- that is, very many (compare Pr 24:16).


26-27. Deceit will at last be exposed, and the wicked by their own arts often bring on retribution (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.12.13">Pr 12:13</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.7.16">Psa 7:16</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.9.17">9:17</reference>, &c.).

26-27. Deceit will at last be exposed, and the wicked by their own arts often bring on retribution (compare Pr 12:13; Psa 7:16; 9:17, &c.).


28. Men hate those they injure.

<hi type="bold">A lying tongue--</hi>"lips" for the persons (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.4.24">Pr 4:24</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.12.3">Psa 12:3</reference>). <chapter eID="Prov.26"/>

28. Men hate those they injure. A lying tongue-- "lips" for the persons (compare Pr 4:24; Psa 12:3).


<title type="x-s2">CHAPTER 27</title>
 <reference osisRef="Prov.27.1-Prov.27.27">Pr 27:1-27</reference>.

1. Do not confide implicitly in your plans (<reference osisRef="Prov.16.9">Pr 16:9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.19.21">19:21</reference>; <reference osisRef="Jas.4.13-Jas.4.15">Jas 4:13-15</reference>).

CHAPTER 27 Pr 27:1-27. 1. Do not confide implicitly in your plans (Pr 16:9; 19:21; Jas 4:13-15).


2. Avoid self-praise.


<hi type="bold">3. heavy--</hi>The literal sense of "heavy," applied to material subjects, illustrates its figurative, "grievous," applied to moral.

<hi type="bold">a fool's wrath--</hi>is unreasonable and excessive.

3. heavy-- The literal sense of "heavy," applied to material subjects, illustrates its figurative, "grievous," applied to moral. a fool's wrath-- is unreasonable and excessive.


<hi type="bold">4. envy--</hi>or, "jealousy" (compare Margin; <reference osisRef="Prov.6.34">Pr 6:34</reference>), is more unappeasable than the simpler bad passions.

4. envy-- or, "jealousy" (compare Margin; Pr 6:34), is more unappeasable than the simpler bad passions.


<hi type="bold">5-6. secret love--</hi>not manifested in acts is useless; and even, if its exhibition by rebukes wounds us, such love is preferable to the frequent (compare Margin), and hence deceitful, kisses of an enemy.

5-6. secret love-- not manifested in acts is useless; and even, if its exhibition by rebukes wounds us, such love is preferable to the frequent (compare Margin), and hence deceitful, kisses of an enemy.


7. The luxury of wealth confers less happiness than the healthy appetite of labor.


8. Such are not only out of place, but out of duty and in danger.


<hi type="bold">9. rejoice the heart--</hi>the organ of perceiving what pleases the senses.

<hi type="bold">sweetness ... counsel--</hi>or, "wise counsel is also pleasing."

9. rejoice the heart-- the organ of perceiving what pleases the senses. sweetness... counsel-- or, "wise counsel is also pleasing."


10. Adhere to tried friends. The ties of blood may be less reliable than those of genuine friendship.


11. The wisdom of children both reflects credit on parents and contributes to their aid in difficulties.


12-13. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.20.16">Pr 20:16</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.22.3">22:3</reference>).

12-13. (Compare Pr 20:16; 22:3).


14. Excessive zeal in praising raises suspicions of selfishness.


15. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.19.13">Pr 19:13</reference>).

<hi type="bold">very ... day--</hi>literally, "a day of showers."

15. (Compare Pr 19:13). very... day-- literally, "a day of showers."


<hi type="bold">16. hideth--</hi>or, "restrains" (that is, tries to do it); is as fruitless an effort, as that of holding the wind.

<hi type="bold">the ointment of his right hand--</hi>the organ of power (<reference osisRef="Ps.17.7">Psa 17:7</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.18.35">18:35</reference>). His right hand endeavors to repress perfume, but vainly. Some prefer: "His right hand comes on oil," that is, "cannot take hold." Such a woman cannot be tamed.

16. hideth-- or, "restrains" (that is, tries to do it); is as fruitless an effort, as that of holding the wind. the ointment of his right hand-- the organ of power (Psa 17:7; 18:35). His right hand endeavors to repress perfume, but vainly. Some prefer: "His right hand comes on oil," that is, "cannot take hold." Such a woman cannot be tamed.


<hi type="bold">17. a man sharpeneth ... friend--</hi>that is, conversation promotes intelligence, which the face exhibits.

17. a man sharpeneth... friend-- that is, conversation promotes intelligence, which the face exhibits.


18. Diligence secures a reward, even for the humble servant.


19. We may see our characters in the developed tempers of others.


20. Men's cupidity is as insatiable as the grave.


21. Praise tests character.

<hi type="bold">a man to his praise--</hi>according to his praise, as he bears it. Thus vain men seek it, weak men are inflated by it, wise men disregard it, &c.

21. Praise tests character. a man to his praise-- according to his praise, as he bears it. Thus vain men seek it, weak men are inflated by it, wise men disregard it, &c.


22. The obstinate wickedness of such is incurable by the heaviest inflictions.


<hi type="bold">23-24. flocks--</hi>constituted the staple of wealth. It is only by care and diligence that the most solid possessions can be perpetuated (<reference osisRef="Prov.23.5">Pr 23:5</reference>).

23-24. flocks-- constituted the staple of wealth. It is only by care and diligence that the most solid possessions can be perpetuated (Pr 23:5).


25-27. The fact that providential arrangements furnish the means of competence to those who properly use them is another motive to diligence (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.65.9-Ps.65.13">Psa 65:9-13</reference>).

<hi type="bold">The hay appeareth--</hi>literally, "Grass appeareth" (<reference osisRef="Job.40.15">Job 40:15</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.104.14">Psa 104:14</reference>).

25-27. The fact that providential arrangements furnish the means of competence to those who properly use them is another motive to diligence (compare Psa 65:9-13). The hay appeareth-- literally, "Grass appeareth" (Job 40:15; Psa 104:14).


<title type="x-s2">CHAPTER 28</title>
 <reference osisRef="Prov.28.1-Prov.28.28">Pr 28:1-28</reference>.

1. A bad conscience makes men timid; the righteous are alone truly bold (<reference osisRef="Prov.14.26">Pr 14:26</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.27.1">Psa 27:1</reference>).

CHAPTER 28 Pr 28:1-28. 1. A bad conscience makes men timid; the righteous are alone truly bold (Pr 14:26; Psa 27:1).


2. Anarchy producing contending rulers shortens the reign of each.

<hi type="bold">but by a man ... prolonged--</hi>or, "by a man of understanding--that is, a good ruler--he who knows or regards the right, that is, a good citizen, shall prolong (his days)." Good rulers are a blessing to the people. Bad government as a punishment for evil is contrasted with good as blessing to the good.

2. Anarchy producing contending rulers shortens the reign of each. but by a man... prolonged-- or, "by a man of understanding--that is, a good ruler--he who knows or regards the right, that is, a good citizen, shall prolong (his days)." Good rulers are a blessing to the people. Bad government as a punishment for evil is contrasted with good as blessing to the good.


<hi type="bold">3. A poor man, &c.--</hi>Such, in power, exact more severely, and so leave subjects bare.

3. A poor man, &c.-- Such, in power, exact more severely, and so leave subjects bare.


<hi type="bold">4. They that forsake ... wicked--</hi>Wrongdoers encourage one another.

4. They that forsake... wicked-- Wrongdoers encourage one another.


5. (Compare <reference osisRef="John.7.17">Joh 7:17</reference>). Ignorance of moral truth is due to unwillingness to know it.

5. (Compare Joh 7:17). Ignorance of moral truth is due to unwillingness to know it.


6. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.10.6">Pr 10:6</reference>). Riches cannot compensate for sin, nor the want of them affect integrity.

6. (Compare Pr 10:6). Riches cannot compensate for sin, nor the want of them affect integrity.


7. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.17.25">Pr 17:25</reference>).

<hi type="bold">riotous men--</hi>or, "gluttons" (<reference osisRef="Prov.23.20">Pr 23:20</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.23.21">21</reference>).

7. (Compare Pr 17:25). riotous men-- or, "gluttons" (Pr 23:20, 21).


<hi type="bold">8. usury ... unjust gain--</hi>(Compare Margin). The two terms, meaning nearly the same, may denote excessive interest. God's providence directs the proper use of wealth.

8. usury... unjust gain-- (Compare Margin). The two terms, meaning nearly the same, may denote excessive interest. God's providence directs the proper use of wealth.


9. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.15.8">Pr 15:8</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.21.27">21:27</reference>).

<hi type="bold">hearing--</hi>that is, obeying. God requires sincere worshippers (<reference osisRef="Ps.66.18">Psa 66:18</reference>; <reference osisRef="John.4.24">Joh 4:24</reference>).

9. (Compare Pr 15:8; 21:27). hearing-- that is, obeying. God requires sincere worshippers (Psa 66:18; Joh 4:24).


10. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.26.27">Pr 26:27</reference>).

10. (Compare Pr 26:27).


11. A poor but wise man can discover (and expose) the rich and self-conceited.


<hi type="bold">12. great glory--</hi>or, cause for it to a people, for the righteous rejoice in good, and righteousness exalts a nation (<reference osisRef="Prov.14.34">Pr 14:34</reference>).

<hi type="bold">a man ... hidden--</hi>that is, the good retire, or all kinds try to escape a wicked rule.

12. great glory-- or, cause for it to a people, for the righteous rejoice in good, and righteousness exalts a nation (Pr 14:34). a man... hidden-- that is, the good retire, or all kinds try to escape a wicked rule.


13. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.32.3-Ps.32.5">Psa 32:3-5</reference>). Concealment of sin delivers none from God's wrath, but He shows mercy to the humble penitent (<reference osisRef="Ps.51.4">Psa 51:4</reference>).

13. (Compare Psa 32:3-5). Concealment of sin delivers none from God's wrath, but He shows mercy to the humble penitent (Psa 51:4).


<hi type="bold">14. feareth--</hi>that is, God, and so repents.

<hi type="bold">hardeneth his heart--</hi>makes himself insensible to sin, and so will not repent (<reference osisRef="Prov.14.16">Pr 14:16</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.29.1">29:1</reference>).

14. feareth-- that is, God, and so repents. hardeneth his heart-- makes himself insensible to sin, and so will not repent (Pr 14:16; 29:1).


15. The rapacity and cruelty of such beasts well represent some wicked men (compare <reference osisRef="Ps.7.2">Psa 7:2</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.17.12">17:12</reference>).

15. The rapacity and cruelty of such beasts well represent some wicked men (compare Psa 7:2; 17:12).


<hi type="bold">16. The prince ... understanding--</hi>that is, He does not perceive that oppression jeopards his success. Covetousness often produces oppression, hence the contrast.

16. The prince... understanding-- that is, He does not perceive that oppression jeopards his success. Covetousness often produces oppression, hence the contrast.


<hi type="bold">17. doeth violence ... blood, &c.--</hi>or, that is oppressed by the blood of life (<reference osisRef="Gen.9.6">Ge 9:6</reference>), which he has taken.

<hi type="bold">to the pit--</hi>the grave or destruction (<reference osisRef="Prov.1.12">Pr 1:12</reference>; <reference osisRef="Job.33.18-Job.33.24">Job 33:18-24</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.143.7">Psa 143:7</reference>).

<hi type="bold">stay him--</hi>sustain or deliver him.

17. doeth violence... blood, &c.-- or, that is oppressed by the blood of life (Ge 9:6), which he has taken. to the pit-- the grave or destruction (Pr 1:12; Job 33:18-24; Psa 143:7). stay him-- sustain or deliver him.


18. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.10.9">Pr 10:9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.17.20">17:20</reference>). Double dealing is eventually fatal.

18. (Compare Pr 10:9; 17:20). Double dealing is eventually fatal.


19. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.10.4">Pr 10:4</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.20.4">20:4</reference>).

<hi type="bold">vain persons--</hi>idle, useless drones, implying that they are also wicked (<reference osisRef="Prov.12.11">Pr 12:11</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.26.4">Psa 26:4</reference>).

19. (Compare Pr 10:4; 20:4). vain persons-- idle, useless drones, implying that they are also wicked (Pr 12:11; Psa 26:4).


<hi type="bold">20. maketh haste ... rich--</hi>implying deceit or fraud (<reference osisRef="Prov.20.21">Pr 20:21</reference>), and so opposed to "faithful" or reliable.

20. maketh haste... rich-- implying deceit or fraud (Pr 20:21), and so opposed to "faithful" or reliable.


<hi type="bold">21. respect of persons--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Prov.24.23">Pr 24:23</reference>). Such are led to evil by the slightest motive.

21. respect of persons-- (Pr 24:23). Such are led to evil by the slightest motive.


22. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.28.20">Pr 28:20</reference>).

<hi type="bold">evil eye--</hi>in the general sense of <reference osisRef="Prov.23.6">Pr 23:6</reference>, here more specific for covetousness (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.22.9">Pr 22:9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Matt.20.15">Mt 20:15</reference>).

<hi type="bold">poverty ... him--</hi>by God's providence.

22. (Compare Pr 28:20). evil eye-- in the general sense of Pr 23:6, here more specific for covetousness (compare Pr 22:9; Mt 20:15). poverty... him-- by God's providence.


23. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.9.8">Pr 9:8</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.9.9">9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.27.5">27:5</reference>). Those benefited by reproof will love their monitors.

23. (Compare Pr 9:8, 9; 27:5). Those benefited by reproof will love their monitors.


24. (Compare <reference osisRef="Matt.15.4-Matt.15.6">Mt 15:4-6</reference>). Such, though heirs, are virtually thieves, to be ranked with highwaymen.

24. (Compare Mt 15:4-6). Such, though heirs, are virtually thieves, to be ranked with highwaymen.


<hi type="bold">25. of a proud heart--</hi>literally, "puffed up of soul"--that is, self-confident, and hence overbearing and litigious.

<hi type="bold">made fat--</hi>or, "prosperous" (<reference osisRef="Prov.11.25">Pr 11:25</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.16.20">16:20</reference>).

25. of a proud heart-- literally, "puffed up of soul"--that is, self-confident, and hence overbearing and litigious. made fat-- or, "prosperous" (Pr 11:25; 16:20).


26. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.3.6-Prov.3.8">Pr 3:6-8</reference>).

<hi type="bold">walketh wisely--</hi>that is, trusting in God (<reference osisRef="Prov.22.17-Prov.22.19">Pr 22:17-19</reference>).

26. (Compare Pr 3:6-8). walketh wisely-- that is, trusting in God (Pr 22:17-19).


27. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.11.24-Prov.11.26">Pr 11:24-26</reference>).

<hi type="bold">hideth his eyes--</hi>as the face (<reference osisRef="Ps.27.9">Psa 27:9</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.69.17">69:17</reference>), denotes inattention.

27. (Compare Pr 11:24-26). hideth his eyes-- as the face (Psa 27:9; 69:17), denotes inattention.


28. The elevation of the wicked to power drives men to seek refuge from tyranny (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.28.12">Pr 28:12</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.11.10">11:10</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.12.8">Psa 12:8</reference>). <chapter eID="Prov.28"/>

28. The elevation of the wicked to power drives men to seek refuge from tyranny (compare Pr 28:12; 11:10; Psa 12:8).


<title type="x-s2">CHAPTER 29</title>
 <reference osisRef="Prov.29.1-Prov.29.27">Pr 29:1-27</reference>.

<hi type="bold">1. hardeneth ... neck--</hi>obstinately refuses counsel (<reference osisRef="2Kgs.17.14">2Ki 17:14</reference>; <reference osisRef="Neh.9.16">Ne 9:16</reference>).

<hi type="bold">destroyed--</hi>literally, "shivered" or "utterly broken to pieces."

<hi type="bold">without remedy--</hi>literally, "without healing" or repairing.

CHAPTER 29 Pr 29:1-27. 1. hardeneth... neck-- obstinately refuses counsel (2Ki 17:14; Ne 9:16). destroyed-- literally, "shivered" or "utterly broken to pieces." without remedy-- literally, "without healing" or repairing.


2. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.11.10">Pr 11:10</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.28.28">28:28</reference>).

<hi type="bold">in authority--</hi>(Compare Margin), increased in power.

2. (Compare Pr 11:10; 28:28). in authority-- (Compare Margin), increased in power.


3. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.4.6">Pr 4:6</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.4.7">7</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.10.1">10:1</reference>, &c.).

3. (Compare Pr 4:6, 7; 10:1, &c.).


<hi type="bold">4. by judgment--</hi>that is, righteous decisions, opposed to those procured by gifts (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.28.21">Pr 28:21</reference>), by which good government is perverted.

<hi type="bold">land--</hi>for nation.

4. by judgment-- that is, righteous decisions, opposed to those procured by gifts (compare Pr 28:21), by which good government is perverted. land-- for nation.


5. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.26.28">Pr 26:28</reference>).

<hi type="bold">spreadeth ... feet--</hi>By misleading him as to his real character, the flatterer brings him to evil, prepared by himself or others.

5. (Compare Pr 26:28). spreadeth... feet-- By misleading him as to his real character, the flatterer brings him to evil, prepared by himself or others.


<hi type="bold">6. In--</hi>or, "By"

<hi type="bold">the transgression--</hi>he is brought into difficulty (<reference osisRef="Prov.12.13">Pr 12:13</reference>), but the righteous go on prospering, and so sing or rejoice.

6. In-- or, "By" the transgression-- he is brought into difficulty (Pr 12:13), but the righteous go on prospering, and so sing or rejoice.


<hi type="bold">7. considereth--</hi>literally, "knows," as <reference osisRef="Ps.1.6">Psa 1:6</reference>.

<hi type="bold">the cause--</hi>that is, in courts of justice (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.29.14">Pr 29:14</reference>). The voluntary neglect of it by the wicked (<reference osisRef="Prov.28.27">Pr 28:27</reference>) occasions oppression.

7. considereth-- literally, "knows," as Psa 1:6. the cause-- that is, in courts of justice (compare Pr 29:14). The voluntary neglect of it by the wicked (Pr 28:27) occasions oppression.


<hi type="bold">8. Scornful men--</hi>those who contemptuously disregard God's law.

<hi type="bold">bring--</hi>(Compare Margin), kindle strife.

<hi type="bold">turn away wrath--</hi>that is, "abate wrath."

8. Scornful men-- those who contemptuously disregard God's law. bring-- (Compare Margin), kindle strife. turn away wrath-- that is, "abate wrath."


<hi type="bold">9. contendeth--</hi>that is, in law.

<hi type="bold">whether ... laugh--</hi>The fool, whether angry or good-humored, is unsettled; or referring the words to the wise man, the sense is, that all his efforts, severe or gentle, are unavailing to pacify the fool.

9. contendeth-- that is, in law. whether... laugh-- The fool, whether angry or good-humored, is unsettled; or referring the words to the wise man, the sense is, that all his efforts, severe or gentle, are unavailing to pacify the fool.


<hi type="bold">10. bloodthirsty--</hi>(Compare Margin), murderers (<reference osisRef="Ps.5.6">Psa 5:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.26.9">26:9</reference>).

<hi type="bold">hate, &c.--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Prov.1.11">Pr 1:11</reference>; <reference osisRef="Gen.3.4">Ge 3:4</reference>).

<hi type="bold">seek ... soul--</hi>that is, to preserve it.

10. bloodthirsty-- (Compare Margin), murderers (Psa 5:6; 26:9). hate, &c.-- (Pr 1:11; Ge 3:4). seek... soul-- that is, to preserve it.


11. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.12.16">Pr 12:16</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.16.32">16:32</reference>).

<hi type="bold">mind--</hi>or, "spirit," for anger or any ill passion which the righteous restrain.

11. (Compare Pr 12:16; 16:32). mind-- or, "spirit," for anger or any ill passion which the righteous restrain.


12. His servants imitate him.


13. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.22.2">Pr 22:2</reference>).

<hi type="bold">deceitful man--</hi>literally, "man of vexations," an exactor.

<hi type="bold">the Lord ... their eyes--</hi>sustains their lives (<reference osisRef="1Sam.14.27">1Sa 14:27</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.13.3">Psa 13:3</reference>); that is, both depend on Him, and He will do justice.

13. (Compare Pr 22:2). deceitful man-- literally, "man of vexations," an exactor. the Lord... their eyes-- sustains their lives (1Sa 14:27; Psa 13:3); that is, both depend on Him, and He will do justice.


14. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.20.28">Pr 20:28</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.25.5">25:5</reference>). Such is the character of the King of kings (<reference osisRef="Ps.72.4">Psa 72:4</reference>, <reference osisRef="Ps.72.12">12</reference>).

14. (Compare Pr 20:28; 25:5). Such is the character of the King of kings (Psa 72:4, 12).


15. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.13.24">Pr 13:24</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.23.13">23:13</reference>).

15. (Compare Pr 13:24; 23:13).


16. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.29.2">Pr 29:2</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.29.12">12</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.12.1-Ps.12.8">Psa 12:1-8</reference>).

<hi type="bold">shall see ... fall--</hi>and triumph in it (Psa 37:34-38; 58:<reference osisRef="Ps.10.11">10, 11</reference>).

16. (Compare Pr 29:2, 12; Psa 12:1-8). shall see... fall-- and triumph in it (Psa 37:34-38; 58:10, 11).


17. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.29.3">Pr 29:3</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.29.15">15</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.19.18">Pr 19:18</reference>).

<hi type="bold">give thee rest--</hi>peace and quiet (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.29.9">Pr 29:9</reference>).

17. (Compare Pr 29:3, 15; Pr 19:18). give thee rest-- peace and quiet (compare Pr 29:9).


<hi type="bold">18. no vision--</hi>instruction in God's truth, which was by prophets, through visions (<reference osisRef="1Sam.3.1">1Sa 3:1</reference>).

<hi type="bold">people perish--</hi>(Compare Margin), are deprived of moral restraints.

<hi type="bold">keepeth the law--</hi>has, and observes, instruction (<reference osisRef="Prov.14.11">Pr 14:11</reference>, <reference osisRef="Prov.14.34">34</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.19.11">Psa 19:11</reference>).

18. no vision-- instruction in God's truth, which was by prophets, through visions (1Sa 3:1). people perish-- (Compare Margin), are deprived of moral restraints. keepeth the law-- has, and observes, instruction (Pr 14:11, 34; Psa 19:11).


<hi type="bold">19. A servant--</hi>who lacks good principle.

<hi type="bold">corrected--</hi>or discovered.

<hi type="bold">will not answer--</hi>that is, will not obey.

19. A servant-- who lacks good principle. corrected-- or discovered. will not answer-- that is, will not obey.


20. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.21.5">Pr 21:5</reference>).

<hi type="bold">hasty in ... words?--</hi>implying self-conceit (<reference osisRef="Prov.26.12">Pr 26:12</reference>).

20. (Compare Pr 21:5). hasty in... words?-- implying self-conceit (Pr 26:12).


<hi type="bold">21. become his son--</hi>assume the place and privileges of one.

21. become his son-- assume the place and privileges of one.


22. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.15.18">Pr 15:18</reference>). Such are delighted by discord and violence.

22. (Compare Pr 15:18). Such are delighted by discord and violence.


23. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.16.18">Pr 16:18</reference>; <reference osisRef="Prov.18.12">18:12</reference>).

<hi type="bold">honour ... spirit--</hi>or, "such shall lay hold on honor" (<reference osisRef="Prov.11.16">Pr 11:16</reference>).

23. (Compare Pr 16:18; 18:12). honour... spirit-- or, "such shall lay hold on honor" (Pr 11:16).


<hi type="bold">24. hateth ... soul--</hi>(Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.8.36">Pr 8:36</reference>).

<hi type="bold">heareth cursing--</hi>(<reference osisRef="Lev.5.1">Le 5:1</reference>), risks the punishment, rather than reveal truth.

24. hateth... soul-- (Compare Pr 8:36). heareth cursing-- (Le 5:1), risks the punishment, rather than reveal truth.


<hi type="bold">25. The fear ... snare--</hi>involves men in difficulty (compare <reference osisRef="Prov.29.6">Pr 29:6</reference>).

<hi type="bold">shall be safe--</hi>(Compare Margin; <reference osisRef="Prov.18.10">Pr 18:10</reference>).

25. The fear... snare-- involves men in difficulty (compare Pr 29:6). shall be safe-- (Compare Margin; Pr 18:10).


26. (Compare Margin; <reference osisRef="Ps.27.8">Psa 27:8</reference>). God alone will and can do exact justice.

26. (Compare Margin; Psa 27:8). God alone will and can do exact justice.


27. (Compare <reference osisRef="Prov.3.32">Pr 3:32</reference>). On last clause, compare <reference osisRef="Prov.29.16">Pr 29:16</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.37.12">Psa 37:12</reference>. <chapter eID="Prov.29"/>

27. (Compare Pr 3:32). On last clause, compare Pr 29:16; Psa 37:12.


<title type="x-s2">CHAPTER 30</title>
 <reference osisRef="Prov.30.1-Prov.30.33">Pr 30:1-33</reference>.

1. This is the title of this chapter (see Introduction).

<hi type="bold">the prophecy--</hi>literally, "the burden" (compare <reference osisRef="Isa.13.1">Is 13:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Zech.9.1">Zec 9:1</reference>), used for any divine instruction; not necessarily a prediction, which was only a kind of prophecy (<reference osisRef="1Chr.15.27">1Ch 15:27</reference>, "a song"). Prophets were inspired men, who spoke for God to man, or for man to God (<reference osisRef="Gen.20.7">Ge 20:7</reference>; <reference osisRef="Exod.7.14">Ex 7:14</reference>, <reference osisRef="Exod.15.16">15, 16</reference>). Such, also, were the New Testament prophets. In a general sense, Gad, Nathan, and others were such, who were divine teachers, though we do not learn that they ever predicted.

<hi type="bold">the man spake--</hi>literally, "the saying of the man"; an expression used to denote any solemn and important announcement (compare <reference osisRef="2Sam.23.1">2Sa 23:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.36.1">Psa 36:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.110.1">110:1</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.1.24">Is 1:24</reference>, &c.). Ithiel and Ucal were perhaps pupils.

CHAPTER 30 Pr 30:1-33. 1. This is the title of this chapter (see Introduction). the prophecy-- literally, "the burden" (compare Is 13:1; Zec 9:1), used for any divine instruction; not necessarily a prediction, which was only a kind of prophecy (1Ch 15:27, "a song"). Prophets were inspired men, who spoke for God to man, or for man to God (Ge 20:7; Ex 7:14, 15, 16). Such, also, were the New Testament prophets. In a general sense, Gad, Nathan, and others were such, who were divine teachers, though we do not learn that they ever predicted. the man spake-- literally, "the saying of the man"; an expression used to denote any solemn and important announcement (compare 2Sa 23:1; Psa 36:1; 110:1; Is 1:24, &c.). Ithiel and Ucal were perhaps pupils.


<hi type="bold">2-4. brutish--</hi>stupid, a strong term to denote his lowly self-estimation; or he may speak of such as his natural condition, as contrasted with God's all-seeing comprehensive knowledge and almighty power. The questions of this clause emphatically deny the attributes mentioned to be those of any creature, thus impressively strengthening the implied reference of the former to God (compare <reference osisRef="Deut.30.12-Deut.30.14">De 30:12-14</reference>; <reference osisRef="Isa.40.12">Is 40:12</reference>; <reference osisRef="Eph.4.8">Ep 4:8</reference>).

2-4. brutish-- stupid, a strong term to denote his lowly self-estimation; or he may speak of such as his natural condition, as contrasted with God's all-seeing comprehensive knowledge and almighty power. The questions of this clause emphatically deny the attributes mentioned to be those of any creature, thus impressively strengthening the implied reference of the former to God (compare De 30:12-14; Is 40:12; Ep 4:8).


5. (Compare <reference osisRef="Ps.12.6">Psa 12:6</reference>; <reference osisRef="Ps.119.140">119:140</reference>).

5. (Compare Psa 12:6; 119:140).


<hi type="bold">6. Add ... words--</hi>implying that his sole reliance was on God's all-sufficient teaching.

<hi type="bold">reprove thee--</hi>or, "convict thee"--and so the falsehood will appear.

6. Add... words-- implying that his sole reliance was on God's all-sufficient teaching. reprove thee-- or, "convict thee"--and so the falsehood will appear.


7-9. A prayer for exemption from wickedness, and the extremes of poverty and riches, the two things mentioned. Contentment is implied as desired.


<hi type="bold">10. Accuse not--</hi>Slander not (<reference osisRef="Ps.10.7">Psa 10:7</reference>).

<hi type="bold">curse ... guilty--</hi>lest, however lowly, he be exasperated to turn on thee, and your guilt be made to appear.

10. Accuse not-- Slander not (Psa 10:7). curse... guilty-- lest, however lowly, he be exasperated to turn on thee, and your guilt be made to appear.